The "five key points" of breeding toads

Toad, commonly known as toad. In recent years, due to the deterioration of ecological environment and the sharp decrease of wild resources, artificial breeding of toads is imperative. The artificial breeding method of toad is relatively simple, and it can be reared in abandoned ponds and ditches, courtyard vegetable gardens, riverside beaches or fields. It is an economic animal breeding industry with low cost, quick effect, high benefit and promising development.

(1) Life habits

Toads like to be wet, dark and warm, and often live under wet stones, caves, grass and ditches. They can also live on land for a long time, lurking during the day and foraging in the evening and early morning. In winter, when the temperature drops below 10 ℃, toads hibernate successively into masonry, soil holes, water or mud, and rotten grass. When the temperature rises above 10 ℃ the following year, the toads end hibernation and come out to look for food. After being stung, they are paired, spawned and fertilized in still ponds or ditches with little mobility. Toads feed on animals such as beetles, moths, snails, ants, fly maggots, earthworms and algae.

(2) Reproductive characteristics

Toads lay eggs, lay eggs in water, fertilize in vitro, and have strong reproductive ability. Spawn every year when the water temperature is about 10 ℃ and the air relative humidity is 90%. Each female lays about 5000 eggs at a time, and the fertilized eggs hatch tadpoles in the water, which resemble small fish and breathe through their gills. After about 60 days of abnormal development, the tail of the tadpole disappears and becomes a young toad, begins to live on land, breathes with the lungs, matures sexually and develops into adults in about 16 months.

(3) artificial culture technology

The breeding farm should choose to be in the pond or pool, where the insect source is abundant and the temperature is warmer. General farmers can transform ponds, channels, ditches and paddy fields according to the existing water surface. A 1.5-meter-high fence or nylon net will be built around the site to prevent snakes and rats from climbing in and endangering toads or toads. There are tadpole pond, young toad pond, adult toad pond, mating and spawning pond, and hatching pond.

The main results are as follows: (1) the tadpole pond has an area of 36.6 square meters, the depth of the pool is 40cm, the bottom of the pool is in the shape of a micro-slope, there is a row of water holes in the lower part, and the holes are covered with fine barbed wire, and the water depth is kept at about 30cm.

(2) the toad pond has an area of 30,70 square meters, a depth of 60cm, and a drainage hole at the bottom. The hole is covered with net cover, the water depth is 40cm, and the bottom of the pond is covered with sediment thick with 10cm. There must be an activity area of 1cm, 3pm and 4pm in the pond, and 5~10cm above the water surface. The activity place should be located in the south of the pool, and the side connected with the water is sloping, so that the toad can come ashore to find food. You can plant some grass and shrubs on the activity field.

(3) the area of adult toad pond is 4080 square meters, and its depth is 70cm. Other requirements are basically the same as those of young toad pond, and the water can be slightly deeper.

(4) the mating spawning pool covers an area of 22.4 square meters, with a depth of 40cm and a water depth of 20cm. There are some floating aquatic plants, such as duckweed, water hyacinth, etc. Sprinkle a small amount of dried straw or weeds when you are about to lay eggs so that the eggs can attach. Black lights are installed on the breeding pond to trap insects for their prey.

(4) Propagation techniques

The peak spawning period is from late March to late April every year, and seedlings can be collected by the following three methods:

The main results are as follows: (1) after the rain in the spawning season, look for the toad eggs in the still water and put them in the culture pond to hatch. Generally, the tadpoles can hatch in 3 days. However, the use of this method must be full at one time, otherwise the hatching time is inconsistent, the size of tadpoles is different, affecting the survival rate.

(2) when the temperature is more than 10 ℃ after sting, catch the overwintering toad in the moist place in the field, choose the large, healthy, strong, injury-free and disease-free toad for breeding in the spawning pond according to the female-to-male ratio of 3 ∶ 1, so that the toad can mate, spawn and fertilize naturally. Eggs laid every day should be collected and stored in another pool so that they can hatch naturally. The parent toads that have laid eggs should also be stored in another pool, and those who do not give birth will continue to give birth.

(3) purchase the excellent parent toad selected from the breeding unit, and use the method of artificial spawning to concentrate on spawning and hatching.

(5) feeding and management

During the incubation period, the suitable stocking density of eggs is about 12 clumps per square meter, and the optimum water temperature is 18 ℃ ~ 24 ℃. Tadpoles can hatch after about 4 days. Pay attention to change the water quality and adjust the light during the incubation period. Toad eggs are dark black, conducive to breathing, low temperature in spring, do not need direct light, high temperature in summer can be properly shaded, in case of cold spell, rainstorm and other bad weather, plastic film can be used to keep warm.

Tadpole stage just hatched tadpoles, often adsorbed on the eggshell or aquatic plants, do not feed, rely on their own yolk sac to provide nutrition. Three days later, the tadpoles began to draw algae or other bait. The culture pond should apply a small amount of fermented pig and cow manure a week in advance to reproduce plankton. After entering the pool, tadpoles can no longer sprinkle feces and urine, so as not to hurt tadpoles. If the water quality is too thin, you can feed chopped vegetable leaves, fish sausage, pig blood and rice water twice a day. The water temperature is kept at 18 ℃ ~ 24 ℃. The newly hatched tadpoles can be stocked with 2000 and 4000 tadpoles per square meter. After more than half a month of cultivation, when the body length reaches 3cm, it can be fished out and put into the toad pond.

The suitable stocking density of toad is 50 × 100 toads per square meter. Toad grows fast and has a large amount of food, so it is necessary to ensure an adequate supply of bait. One is to install a black light on the farm and turn on the lights to trap insects every night; the second is to accumulate all kinds of livestock and poultry manure in a corner of the pond land to trap and breed insects for toads to hunt; third, to dig earthworms or supporting breeding earthworms in wet places; and fourth, to fish maggots from toilets without pesticide treatment, rinse and feed them, or cultivate maggots. If the bait is still insufficient, 30% cake, 30% slaughtering leftovers, 5% fish meal, 30% wheat bran and 5% soybean powder can be used as compound feed, which can be combined with animal feed. After about 40 days from hatching tadpoles to young toads, they must be transferred to adult toad ponds for culture.

In adult and overwintering culture ponds, it is appropriate to breed 40 toads per square meter of water. Adult toads mainly feed on insects, can plant all kinds of plants to attract insects in farms, lure insects with lights at night, breed yellow powder insects and earthworms, catch fly maggots, or accumulate stable manure in breeding farms to provide bait for breeding insects. The water quality is easy to deteriorate in summer and autumn. According to the change of water color, fresh water should be infused in time to keep the water quality fresh. After Frosts Descent, when the temperature dropped below 10 ℃, toads would hide in the soil or go into caves, and some would hibernate and stop eating in the deep water of the pond. When the water temperature rises to more than 10 ℃ after the sting the following year, the toad begins to wake up, move and look for food. Throughout the overwintering period, the pond should maintain a certain water level to prevent overwintering toads from freezing or drying to death. The caves on land should be covered with firewood and grass to keep warm. When the temperature returns to sleep in spring, the toads should pick out the firewood and grass and flood the land in the sprinkler pool. After one year of breeding, it can not only be used for seed reproduction, but also can be collected for medicinal purposes.