How to raise carp in ponds to achieve high yield

Crucian carp I think everyone is very familiar with, crucian carp in life is to eat more, crucian carp thorns more, but because its price is cheaper, the market is also more, so deeply loved by the public. Crucian carp culture requirements, the threshold is very low, so now there are many people who breed crucian carp in rural areas.

How to raise carp in ponds to achieve high yield

I. Pond conditions

Fish pond area should not be too large, 5 mu is the best, the water depth is about 2 meters, the water source is convenient, each mu of water surface is equipped with 0.3 kilowatt aerator.

2. Fish fingerling restocking

1. Stocking time: after autumn of the first year or spring of the same year, the water temperature is 8-10C.

2. Breed and quantity: 800 to 1300 carp and 300 to 600 silver carp per mu.

3. Pond cleaning and fertilization before planting: quicklime dry cleaning pond, the dosage is 100kg / mu and 150kg / mu, base fertilizer (fermented chicken and cow manure is good) is applied to 150kg / mu, and no more fertilizer is applied in the whole breeding process.

III. Feed

1. Raw materials and processing: all carps use artificial compound feed in the feed process, mainly local rural products such as cake, bran, etc., plus appropriate amount of animal protein feed such as fish meal. The crude protein content is required to be about 3035%, the amino acid is required to be basically balanced, and the feed coefficient is generally about 1.7 to 2. The raw materials are crushed and then mixed and processed into 3mm particles for later use.

2. A carp feed formula is introduced for reference: fish meal 5%, bean cake 10%, cotton kernel cake 20%, wheat bran 35%, peanut cake 10%, corn flour 5%, yeast powder 2%, minerals and multivitamins 2.5%, salt 0.5%. The crude protein content of this formula is 30%.

IV. Feeding and management

1. Pay attention to patrolling the pond: take timely measures to prevent flooding in high temperature, overcast and rainy weather when abnormal phenomena are found. Turn on the aerator properly and infuse new water if necessary.

2. Feeding technology: set up a bait point every 5 to 10 mu: after the fish goes into the pond with sound, the fish are trained to concentrate on food, and the feeding is determined by timing, fixed point, quality and quantity. A small number of times, using artificial hand sprinkling or automatic bait machine feeding, each time about 30 minutes

3. Prevention and control of fish disease: give priority to prevention, sprinkle every half a mu with 10: 15kg quicklime plus water in the whole pool, and sprinkle it with crystal trichlorfon 0.25ppm or bleach 1ppm once a month.

4. Check the growth of fish once a month and keep a good pond diary.

Techniques of carp culture

1. Morphological characteristics.

The fish is fusiform and slightly flat, the back is grayish black, the abdomen is light or grayish, and the body color is golden yellow below the lateral line and near the tail stalk (body color also varies according to breed, such as golden yellow, orange, pink, etc.). Mouth end position, horseshoe-shaped, 2 pairs of tentacles, jaws about 2 times as long as mustache. The scales are larger. The individual is larger, the most common is 0.5-2.5kg, the maximum can reach more than 15kg.

2. Diet and growth

Carp are omnivorous bottom fishes. Fish fry less than 3 cm in length mainly feed on rotifers and small cladocera, and feed on Cladocera, radial horn, rocky larva and other insect larvae more than 3 cm in length. They feed mainly on rockworms and ciliates when they are more than 20 cm long, and on benthos such as insect corbicula and fragments of aquatic plants above the first instar. Other food, such as algae, are also often found in the intestines. Due to miscellaneous eating habits, a wide range of food, low living conditions, fast growth, generally two-year-old can meet the commodity specifications, if raised with formula feed, one-year-old can reach the commodity specifications.

3. Life habits

Carp like to live in the lower layer of water, and the optimum water temperature for growth is 25-32 ℃. The growth of carp slows down significantly above 32 ℃ or below 15 ℃, and stops feeding below 10 ℃. The appropriate dissolved oxygen content is above 4.5mg/l, but if it is lower than 2mg/l, eat less, and 1mg/l will stop eating and float its head.

4. Reproductive characteristics

In general, the second age is sexually mature, and some individuals can also mature at the first age. The spawning season varies with the region, and it can lay eggs from March to August (April-June is the peak period), which belongs to the type of spawning in batches. The spawning ground is mostly in the shallow lake bay or river bay where there is a lot of water and grass, and the eggs are very sticky and firmly adhere to the water plants after spawning. the number of eggs varies with age and individual size, ranging from 15 to 800000 eggs. After egg production, seedlings can be hatched after 4-6 days at the water temperature of 15-20 ℃.

The Survival habits of Carp

Carp belong to benthic omnivorous fish, which eat both meat and meat. The bait spectrum is extensive, the kissing bone is well developed, and the food is often ingested by mud. Carp is also an animal with low isothermal temperature, and its body temperature varies with the water temperature, so it does not need to consume energy to maintain a constant body temperature, so the total amount of bait intake is not large. At the same time, carp and most freshwater fish belong to non-stomach fish, and the intestinal tract is thin and short, and the metabolism is fast, so the feeding habit is to eat less and eat frequently. The digestive function of carp is closely related to the water temperature, and the feeding seasonality is very strong.

Winter (especially under the ice) is basically in a semi-dormant state, the body fat is exhausted in winter, and as soon as spring comes, it is eager to eat high-protein food to supplement. Late autumn, winter is approaching, in order to accumulate fat, there will be a "catch food" peak, but also with high-protein bait-based. So early spring. Fishing carp in late autumn should be based on animal bait such as earthworms and river shrimp.

After spring, with the increase of temperature, the food intake of fish becomes larger, the quality of bait is no longer important, and the quantity increases to the first place. Therefore, in late spring, the whole summer, early autumn for a long time, carp are mainly vegetarian. At this time of fishing, should use bait, bad food and so on.

Feed formula of carp

1. 45% of wheat bran, 40% of bean cake, 10% of barley, 5% of fish meal, the right amount of multivitamin, inorganic salt, lysine and methionine is added, and the feed coefficient is 2, which is provided by Beijing Fisheries Research Institute.

2. Wheat bran 45%, fish meal 30%, bean cake 15%, barley 10%, the amount of additive is the same (1), the feed coefficient is 2, the formula is provided by Beijing Fisheries Research Institute.

3. Bean cake 50%, fish meal 15%, wheat bran 15%, rice bran 15%, multivitamin 1%, inorganic salt, antibiotic leftovers 1%, adhesive 2%, bait coefficient 2.7, the formula is provided by Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute.

Crucian carp culture also has certain techniques and skills, the same is fish culture, some people raise crucian carp production is high, some people raise crucian carp production is low, this is why? Everyone's farming skills are different, so learn to learn successful farming experiences from other winners.