How to raise silkworms in summer and autumn

The key factors for the success or failure of silkworm rearing in summer and autumn are leaf quality, climate and diseases and insect pests, followed by silkworm varieties, sericulture technology and equipment conditions. Therefore, in order to raise the autumn silkworm well, we must carefully analyze the factors affecting the summer and autumn silkworm production, grasp the key, grasp the time, and create conditions to ensure the stable and high yield of summer and autumn silkworm.

How to raise silkworms in summer and autumn

First, strictly disinfect and prevent diseases. The silkworm period is short, the pathogen is fresh and easy to be infected, so the silkworm room and silkworm equipment should be thoroughly disinfected. Take the method of spraying disinfection first, and then cleaning and disassembling and washing clean. the spray dose should be enough and sprayed to the surface. Strictly implement the "three-elimination policy" of "thorough elimination before silkworm, continued elimination in silkworm, and immediate elimination after silkworm", and put disinfection and disease prevention throughout sericulture.

The application of pesticides in summer and autumn silkworms should exchange information with leaf pickers, and mulberry leaves in agricultural areas must be collected and fed after the residual period, and it is proved that they are non-toxic before picking leaves and raising them. Silkworm rearing in summer and autumn should prevent flies and rats so as to avoid loss.

Second, adjust the room temperature of sericulture. According to the different climatic characteristics of summer and autumn, corresponding measures were taken to improve the environment of sericulture. The young silkworm is covered with plastic film, which can keep warm and moisturize, which is beneficial to the healthy development of silkworm. Large silkworm period to choose tall and spacious, well-ventilated house breeding, to prevent muggy, silkworm house around to plant trees, build Arbor, reduce radiation. Hot and muggy, to strengthen ventilation, high-temperature drying to cool and moisturize.

Third, strengthen the management of mulberry leaves. Strengthening the fertilization and killing insects of mulberry to promote the growth of mulberry is the guarantee of a good harvest of silkworms in summer and autumn. At the stage of young silkworm (1-3 years old), the suitable mature leaves are green in color and soft in hand. In particular, mulberry leaves suitable for ant collection should be selected. Avoid using insufficient sunshine leaves, old leaves, withered leaves, leaves of diseases and insect pests and mulberry leaves contaminated by pesticides. In summer and autumn, silkworm leaves should be picked before the dew is dry in the morning or in the evening, and absolutely not in the middle of the day (except in cloudy and rainy days). Mulberry leaves should be picked and transported quickly to prevent mulberry leaves from withering.

Fourth, strengthen feeding and management.

First, when leading and transporting silkworm eggs, pay attention to the non-accumulation and backlog of silkworm eggs, avoid contact with high temperature as far as possible, lead and transport seeds should be carried out in the morning and evening, and spread out in time to prevent the accumulation of heat and burning seeds. Silkworm eggs are distributed in the morning and evening as far as possible. Silkworm eggs should not come into contact with pesticides and all harmful gases to prevent silkworm eggs from poisoning.

Second, the small silkworm period is covered with plastic film, the silkworm grows and develops rapidly, and the silkworm seat area should be expanded in advance to prevent crowding and starvation. Disinfect silkworm pedestal with anti-stiff powder or fresh lime powder with 2% available chlorine every day. When sleeping, the silkworm was fed with 500 times liquid of Bombyx mori, carbendazim and Kexing, and the young silkworms were dipped with 0.3% available chlorine in silkworm rearing water or sprayed with disinfection and dehydration to dry the silkworms.

Third, the big silkworm period to achieve three thin: that is, the silkworm frame in the silkworm house is sparse, the silkworm foil on the silkworm shelf is thin, and the silkworm head in the silkworm foil is thin, which is conducive to ventilation, reduce the temperature, and can achieve full eating. During the big silkworm period, especially high temperature and humidity, silkworm sand should be removed frequently to keep the silkworm seat clean and dry. In the period of big silkworm, labor-saving silkworm rearing should be carried out. In the period of big silkworm, the silkworm was sprayed with 300 times liquid and 500 times liquid to prevent the harm of fly maggots. Fourth, strengthen the management of the upper cluster. Vigorously promote automated clustering technology. The specific method is as follows: when there are 5-10% mature silkworms in the silkworm, mix 20-30 jin of mulberry leaves evenly with 4-6 pieces of cold boiled water according to each silkworm seed, feed the silkworms at 10-12:00 in the evening, and then stop giving mulberry, sprinkle some straw or lay silkworm nets on the silkworm seat at 10-12:00 the next morning, put clusters such as plastic clusters or checkered clusters on the silkworm seat, and let the mature silkworms cluster cocoons automatically. After the cluster, we should strengthen the ventilation and dehumidification of the cluster room (conditional use of electric fans) to achieve the cluster chamber, cluster tools and dry environment, improve the cocoon yield and quality, and ensure the stable and high yield of silkworms in summer and autumn.

What do you need to prepare before sericulture

1. Report the number of silkworms

The new mulberry households can be counted when the mulberry is about 0.7 meters high, the first batch of silkworms in the old households in spring and autumn are about 0.5 meters high, and the other batches are counted under the Bombyx mori Times. A piece of silkworm needs 450 kilograms of mulberry leaves, about 25 days from reporting to receiving silkworms.

2. Silkworm room

The silkworm room requires that the ground is flat and clean, with convection windows in front and back, and it is best to open floor windows. The doors and windows should be fitted with screen to prevent flies, and the floor windows should be equipped with barbed wire to prevent rats. Both the greenhouse and the cement house are available (it is best to use a cement house in cold weather and a greenhouse in hot weather). It takes about 30 square meters of sericulture area and 10 square meters of special mulberry leaf room to raise a piece of silkworm.

3. Silkworm utensils and medicines

1 piece of silkworm should prepare the following silkworm utensils and medicines:

There are 20 silkworm bumps in ①, which are 0.8m wide.

② picked four leaf baskets with a film of about 20 square meters.

2-3 pairs of ③ slippers are placed in silkworm room and mulberry leaf room respectively.

A number of ④ red bricks, mainly on the ground when sericulture is convenient to feed silkworms, generally put 2 rows of bricks in each room to facilitate walking back and forth.

⑤ silkworm room disinfection special bucket 2, sprayer 1, must not use pesticide bucket and sprayer disinfection silkworm room.

There were 260 ⑥ squares.

About 60 kilograms of ⑦ lime, sprinkle a small amount of water 3 days before leading the silkworm.

4. Disinfection

Disinfection is the premise of preventing and controlling silkworm disease and ensuring high yield and high quality of sericulture. The first batch of disinfection should be completed within 1 week before leading the silkworm. First, thoroughly clean the silkworm room, mulberry leaf room and the surrounding environment, silkworm tools can be exposed to the sun, and then disinfect the silkworm room and silkworm tools. At present, the best medicine is metoprolol. The preparation method of Xiaoteling is as follows: first crush the main agent, stir it into a paste with a small amount of water, and then pour in 25 kg of water, then add an auxiliary agent to stir slightly and clarify it for 15 minutes. Use a special sprayer to disinfect the silkworm room and all silkworm utensils. Disinfection should be comprehensive and thorough. Indoor walls and floors should be sprayed evenly, and doors and windows should be closed and kept moist for 1 hour after spraying. After the disinfectant is dry, repeat disinfection once according to the above method. The effect of immersion and disinfection of film, shoes, silkworm wares and so on is better. After disinfecting the silkworm room twice, open the doors and windows, pay attention to the sterilized silkworm room can not put unsterilized things.

The profit of sericulture

Mulberry cocoon culture is divided into spring silkworm, summer silkworm, autumn silkworm, autumn silkworm is divided into mid-autumn silkworm and late autumn silkworm, the quality of spring silkworm is the best, followed by autumn silkworm. Breeding varieties are agricultural mulberry, Greater China and so on. The growth cycle of silkworm cocoons is limited by air temperature. Spring silkworms are reared around April 20 every year, 26-27 days are a growth cycle, and summer felling begins around May 20. After mulberry trees grow new leaves, they begin to breed silkworms around June 25, and 24-25 days is a growth cycle. Because of the short interval between Mid-Autumn Festival silkworms and summer silkworms, for fear of poor disinfection affecting growth and quality, they generally do not raise mid-Autumn silkworms. The breeding of silkworms in late autumn usually begins around September 5 and ends in early October. Due to the influence of temperature, environment, purchase price and other factors, some farmers choose to raise silkworms in spring and autumn, while others choose to cultivate silkworms in three seasons. It is learned from the investigation that one mulberry seedling is 0.4 yuan, 1440 mulberry seedlings are planted in one mu, 7-8 years is a cycle, and the average annual investment of mulberry is 87.27 yuan / mu.

The net profit of silkworm per mu is 7542.49 yuan, and the price is 2817 yuan for every 50 kilograms of silkworm. Cocoon revenue has increased as a result of rising purchase prices. In recent years, cocoon and silk processing enterprises have grown rapidly, and the total output of cocoon and silk processing and the total demand for raw materials have increased greatly. In order to maintain normal production, cocoon and silk processing enterprises have to buy raw materials together under the condition of high cocoon prices and small profit margins.

From the above analysis, we can see that sericulture is a promising investment project, because China is a large silk country, our silk market demand is very large, and our country is also a large silk export country. But it is also very necessary to master the technology of sericulture.