Techniques of raising deer to improve the survival rate of young deer

The survival rate of young deer is one of the important indicators of reproductive performance of deer herds. After a survey of five deer farms in Ning'an Farm, the survival rate of young deer is as high as 75%, but in low years it is less than 60%, with an average level of about 65%. Now the survey materials are classified and statistics to find out the main reasons that affect the survival rate of young deer. According to these reasons, the improvement measures are put forward.

1 the main factors affecting the survival of young deer

The death of young deer caused by dystocia accounted for 4.1% of the total number of births and 22% of the deaths of young deer. Most of the young deer died because of the delay in midwifery or poor midwifery skills.

The cause of death is unknown, accounting for 3.5% of the total number of births and 21.8% of the deaths of young deer. Here it means that the confirmed cause of death cannot be found in the death record, or it is difficult to determine due to poor management or poor technical level.

Deaths caused by weak fetuses and deformities accounted for 3% of the total number of births and 17.1% of deer deaths. Almost all of the weak fetus and deformed deer died. It is mainly caused by malnutrition, disease or genetic factors during pregnancy.

The death of young deer caused by female deer addiction accounted for 2.9% of the total number of births and 16.1% of the total number of deaths of young deer, mainly due to the bad behavior of the mother deer, such as scratching, biting, or refusing to feed the young deer.

Young deer suffer from "three inflammation" death, young deer umbilical cord inflammation, pneumonia, gastroenteritis is a common disease, although after active treatment, there is still death. The mortality rate accounted for 2.3% of the total number of births and 12.4% of the deaths of young deer.

Deaths due to accidental injuries accounted for 1.8% of the total number of births and 9.3% of deer deaths. Mainly refers to the deer was trampled, trapped, hit, flooded and other accidental death.

2 the main technical measures to improve the survival of young deer

2.1 the treatment rate of dystocia must be improved.

At present, the success rate of midwifery is very low, which is mainly due to the technical problems of midwifery. There should be a planned technical training or experience exchange for deer farm technicians on dystocia, so as to improve the treatment rate of dystocia and reduce the death of young deer caused by dystocia.

2.2 strengthen the care of young deer

The unexplained death of the young deer is mainly due to the lack of subtle observation and care for the young deer. Therefore, the female deer must strengthen the day and night duty system during the birth period, and master the whole process of each young deer from birth to dry hair standing, so as to realize the first lactation. For young deer abandoned by female deer, foster care or artificial lactation should be carried out as soon as possible. At ordinary times, we should pay attention to observe the behavior of young deer, find out the cause of abnormality in time, and treat it in time.

2.3 set up a reasonable protective fence for young deer

The protective fence of young deer should have a habitat with thick grass, warm and dry, and dark light. In this way, the young deer are willing to get into the rest, come out to suck only when they are hungry, and at the same time form the good habit of feeding the deer on time. Once the deer are disturbed, the young deer can get into the fence to avoid trampling, clamping, bumping and other injury accidents.

2.4 create a quiet environment for giving birth

Noisy and restless environment will make the spirit of the doe in a highly tense state, which can easily lead to dystocia or the formation of bad habits such as licking the anus and biting the tail. Therefore, the mother deer house should be set up in the secluded part of the deer farm, and the times of picking deer should be reduced as much as possible during the birth period, and the necessary deer should be patient and meticulous, and the movement should be more stable, so as to minimize the bad stimulation to the mother deer.

2.5 timely and reasonable supplementary feeding for young deer

At 15-20 days after birth, the young deer began to eat some coarse and refined fodder with the female deer, and the phenomenon of ruminating appeared at the same time. At this time, a food trough and a flume should be set up in the protection column, and a small amount of nutrient-rich mixed concentrate should be given at the same time, and the roughage can be eaten together with the doe.

2.6 strengthen feeding hygiene

Diseases such as "three inflammation" occur in young deer, which are mostly caused by poor hygiene. Therefore, during the litter season, clean the enclosure once a day, do not accumulate sewage, feces and urine, often change the bedding grass in the guardrail, disinfect regularly, and strengthen the hygienic management of feed and drinking water.

2.7 strengthen the feeding of female deer during pregnancy and lactation

When raising a poor doe during pregnancy, its young are weak and weak, so it is not easy to survive. During lactation, when the female deer is malnourished and the lactation ability is poor, the disease resistance of the young deer decreases. Therefore, during pregnancy and lactation, female deer should provide adequate protein feed, vitamins and mineral feed to keep them fat without ribs.

2.8 attach importance to the exercise of female deer in the middle and late pregnancy

The exercise of female deer during pregnancy can promote the assimilation of the body, benefit the growth and development of fetus, increase the tension of uterine muscle and abdominal wall muscle, and reduce the occurrence of dystocia. In the middle and late stages of pregnancy, female deer should be kept in a circle for 30 minutes to 1 hour every day, especially for keeping female deer in captivity all the year round.

2.9 strengthen the elimination of herds of female deer to prevent annual parental reproduction

Some old, thin, sick female deer and some young deer have congenital diseases after birth, and their female deer may be carriers of bad genes. The strict elimination of these poor quality female deer is one of the means to improve the survival rate of young deer. Some hereditary diseases often occur in the offspring of inbreeding. In order to prevent inbreeding, the deer farm introduces deer to replenish blood once a year or the second year, and several special and first-class male deer are used to form several branches, so as to improve the survival rate of young deer.