Technology of raising earthworms in greenhouse

With the development of rice field eel, thorn breast frog (stone frog) and other famous special aquatic products culture, earthworms as bait and fresh bait are increasing day by day, and the area of breeding earthworms in breeding farms is constantly expanding, but in some farms, due to the lack of a good grasp of earthworm culture technology, the culture situation is not ideal, especially in the absence of shading greenhouses and improper management, which often leads to a sharp decrease in the number of earthworms, which can not guarantee the needs of famous and special fish culture. Now, the techniques of earthworm culture in greenhouse are summarized as follows, which can be used as a reference for all parts of the country.

Biological characteristics

① life habits. The normal activity temperature of earthworms is 5 ℃-35 ℃, the suitable temperature for growth is 18 ℃-25 ℃, the suitable water content of earthworm bed substrate is 30% Mel 50%, and the suitable PH value is 6 Mel 8. Taiping No.2, introduced from Japan in the late 1970s, also belongs to this breed. It generally has a body length of 50Mel 90mm and a width of 3Mel 5mm. The adult worm weighs 0145mm and has a purplish red body color, but it also varies with the body color of feed, moisture and light. This kind of earthworm has the advantages of rapid growth, high reproduction rate, easy to raise with high density and high yield per unit area, so it is the first choice for artificial breeding. ② earthworms reproduce. Earthworms belong to hermaphroditism, but they can only reproduce by allogeneic mating. Sexually mature earthworms (that is, reproductive rings) lay eggs one week after mating, but the spawning frequency is closely related to humidity and temperature. When the temperature is 18 ℃-25 ℃, the humidity is 30% ℃ 50%, and the ventilation condition is good, one egg will be laid in 5 days; when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃ or lower than 13 ℃, the number of eggs will be significantly reduced. The suitable temperature for egg cocoon hatching is 18 ℃-25 ℃, and the hatching time is short, about 20 days, and the hatching rate is high. Each egg cocoon generally contains 4 young worms, 1 less and 6 more. The newly hatched young worms are as white as thread and reach sexual maturity after 40 miles and 50 days of feeding. The peak period of earthworm reproduction was about 8 months, and 1 Mu began to age and die after 1.5 years.

Earthworm field construction

Earthworm farms should be located in places with abundant livestock and poultry manure, convenient drainage and water sources, and small-scale breeding can make full use of some free sites. When the aquaculture area is large, water pipes or automatic sprinklers should be installed, and another 2 dung storage tanks, storage tanks (or deep wells) and manure heap sites should be built. The greenhouse for raising earthworms is similar to the vegetable greenhouse, the width of the shed is generally 5 meters, the length of the shed is 30Mu60 meters, and the middle aisle is about 0.7 meters. If the material is fed by a dumper, the width is 1 meter. The aisle is about 0.3 meters high, and the two earthworm beds on both sides are 2 meters wide. Trench is opened on the outside of the two earthworm beds to facilitate drainage.

Manure fermentation

Cow dung is stacked and fermented for 10 days, during which it can be used after turning and mixing twice, with a moisture content of 30%-40%. Pig manure needs to be fermented with 5% color (wet weight) 10% crushed rice straw (or other forage) evenly mixed and stacked about 1 meter high (water content is the same as cow dung). Pay attention to prevent the pile from being too solid. 7Mak will turn the pile after 10 days and continue to ferment. Generally, after turning the pile for 3 days, pig manure can be fermented and matured, showing a soft shape, and it can be used as dung for raising earthworms. The fermentation of manure is directly related to the yield of raising earthworms, so we must pay attention to this work.

Earthworm stocking

After the earthworm bed is done, put the fermented pig and cow dung into the earthworm bed, the material stack height of about 20 cm, rely on the middle aisle side to set aside 20 cm space for breeding vermis species. Wet the vermis bed before stocking the vermis, and then put the vermis with manure on the side of the pig and cow dung in the vermis bed, as for the vermis stocking, there are no certain requirements. However, it is forbidden to put worms on the earthworm bed filled with pig and cow dung, so as not to cause the loss of worm species.

Feeding and management

① adds materials at the right time. Timely addition means that when there is still 20% Murray and 30% feed in the earthworm bed, mature manure should be added in time after earthworms are harvested. The main methods of adding manure are side addition method and upper strip addition method. In the high temperature season in summer, pig manure can be poured directly on the earthworm bed manure in the form of strips after adding water into a paste fermentation in the septic tank. If the material is not added and watered for a long time, it will cause the worm to shrink, and the earthworm will autolysis and die if it cannot survive.

② moisturizing and ventilating. High temperature weather in summer should be sprinkled once every afternoon as far as possible. units with conditions had better use deep well water or low temperature water, combined with rice straw to moisturize, sprinkle water every five days in spring and autumn, depending on the specific conditions in winter. When sprinkling water, it should be uniform and fine, and the impulse of sprinkling water should be small. In addition, the summer high temperature season by opening the film around the greenhouse to facilitate ventilation and cooling.

The feces of ③ are loose. Fecal looseness not only in combination with earthworm harvesting, but also needs dung consolidation, loosening the soil once a month. When using iron rake to loosen the soil, the action should be light, and try to avoid the egg cocoon on the surface from turning into the bottom of the dung, so as not to affect the hatching rate of the egg cocoon.

④ cools down in summer. In the hot summer weather from July to August every year, some cooling measures should be taken to reduce the faecal temperature in the earthworm bed to less than 30 ℃, so as to facilitate the normal growth and reproduction of earthworms. The measures taken are: one is to set up a shed for shade, and a blue plastic film is used in summer, which is then covered with a curtain or shade net woven with straw; the second is to cover a layer of straw on the earthworm bed in the shed; and the third is to water and cool down every afternoon. Never use rice field water that is very hot in the sun.

⑤ keeps warm in winter. Before winter, do a good job of sealing and keeping warm in the greenhouse, cover the earthworm bed in the greenhouse with rice straw, and then cover the rice straw with a thin film, and strive to control the lowest fecal temperature above 10 ℃-15 ℃, so as to facilitate the normal growth and reproduction of earthworms.

Prevention and control of enemy damage

After the breeding of earthworms in recent years, it is found that the diseases of earthworms are less, mainly because some enemies need to be prevented, such as mole cricket is more harmful to earthworms, it eats egg cocoons first, and then small earthworms, when loosening the soil and collecting earthworms, once it is found, it should be executed in time. In autumn and winter, some birds have nothing to eat in the wild and often come to eat egg cocoons. In addition, mice, snakes and ants are also enemies of earthworms.

Earthworm harvesting

According to the breeding density of earthworms and the needs of production, the collection of earthworms should be arranged reasonably, and the big ones should be kept small in principle. The harvesting method is mainly to use a special iron flat thorn rake to shovel out the loose feces of the earthworm bed, and then pick out the dung containing more earthworms by hand and pile them on the plastic film, because the earthworms are afraid of light for 15 minutes and 20 minutes later, the earthworms gradually move down to the plastic film, and then the surface manure is gradually included and put back to the earthworm bed, and the last remaining is clean earthworms, this method is relatively simple and practical.