Deepening the rural reform starts with the property right system.

In the current critical period and important node of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the rural areas, as the weakest link in the process of building a well-off society, ride on the "Reform" high-speed train, starting a systematic, holistic and coordinated journey of deepening reform. In the Comprehensive implementation Plan for deepening Rural Reform issued not long ago, it is clear that five major areas should be focused on deepening rural reform, among which the reform of rural collective property rights system ranks first.

Land is not only the source of farmers' survival, but also the root of national stability. Rural collective ownership based on collective ownership of land is the institutional guarantee for realizing farmers' common prosperity. The rural collective property right system is related to the realization of many reform goals, involves the interests of hundreds of millions of farmers, and plays a fundamental role in the whole rural economic system. Therefore, it is very necessary and urgent to promote the reform of the rural collective property right system.

The reform of rural collective property rights system must focus on protecting the rights of farmers, deepen the reform of rural land system, promote the reform of rural collective assets and joint-stock cooperative system, and deepen the reform of forestry and water conservancy. The specific path is to promote the "confirmation" and "empowerment" of rural collective property rights in terms of system design, and to speed up the "living rights" in terms of practical innovation, so that farmers can really enjoy the benefits.

It is necessary to be accurate and solve the problem of who has the share and how much. On the one hand, to find out the family background, there are various types of rural collective assets, including land and other resource assets, factory buildings and other operating assets, as well as schools, roads and other non-operating assets. The progress and requirements of the reform of the property rights system of all kinds of collective assets vary, and must be promoted by classification. Especially for the first two types of assets, for resource assets, it is necessary to implement collective ownership, stabilize farmers' right to contract, activate land management rights, and do a good job in registering and issuing rights; for operational assets, the focus is on how to quantify the conversion of assets into the hands of farmers in a more fair, reasonable, open and transparent manner, so as to realize the transformation from "common ownership" to "co-ownership". On the other hand, it is necessary to find out the number of people, explore specific ways to define the membership of rural collective economic organizations, and solve the difficult problem of identifying the members of rural collective economic organizations.

It is necessary to fully empower and solve the problem of what is the use. Give farmers the right to share land value-added income fairly, reasonably define the scope of land expropriation, standardize land expropriation procedures, and improve a reasonable, standardized and diversified security mechanism for land expropriated farmers. Give more complete power to the right of contracted management of land, let farmers enjoy the rights of possession, use, income, circulation, mortgage and guarantee of contracted land, and allow farmers to take shares in the right of contractual management to develop agricultural industrialization management. to make the four powers of possession, use, income and disposition of land contractual management more complete. Expand the power of farmers' housing property rights, reform and improve the rural homestead system, clearly define farmers' housing property rights, explore the system of paid use of homestead and the mechanism of voluntary paid withdrawal, and explore effective ways to mortgage, guarantee and transfer farmers' housing property rights. Expand the power of collective operating assets shares, so that farmers not only enjoy the power of possession and income, but also have the power of disposition, that is, they can mortgage, guarantee, transfer, inherit, and develop various forms of peasant stock cooperation.

Confirmation and empowerment are the basis, which defines the legitimate rights of farmers; living rights are the form of realization, and innovative living rights can further materialize farmers' rights and obtain real income. Compared with the system design of confirming and empowering, the living right needs more exploration and innovation in practice. For example, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, the construction of rural comprehensive property rights transfer transaction system, supporting the introduction of rural comprehensive property rights transfer transaction management measures to determine nine categories of transaction varieties into the platform transaction. In order to promote the circulation and transaction of forest rights, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, taking the county as a unit, has established a forest resources trading platform with collective rights management, forest rights trading and asset evaluation as a whole, providing financing guarantee, small loans, asset evaluation, forest rights mortgage and so on.

One side of the land, one Walu, all for the concerns of the people. The reform of rural collective property right system involves China's basic economic system and rural basic management system, involves all aspects of economy, law and society, and involves the interests of different subjects, and the problem is very complicated. in the process of promoting the reform, we should adhere to the correct direction of reform, not only give full play to the superiority of the collective, but also mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers. We must persist in promoting innovation in systems and mechanisms, maintain the bottom line to prevent collective assets from being eroded and farmers' interests from being damaged, establish a new mechanism for the operation of the rural collective economy that meets the requirements of the market economy, and persist in respecting the wishes of the peasant masses. ensure that the peasant masses become participants and beneficiaries of the reform.