Breeding Techniques for Donkeys

In the process of breeding donkeys, the reproduction of donkeys is also very important, because the quality and quantity of reproduction directly affect the output of the next generation, so it is very helpful to master some breeding techniques properly.

Breeding techniques of raising donkeys

At present, the main reproductive techniques used are: estrus identification, estrus synchronization, artificial insemination, natural mating, pregnancy diagnosis and so on.

Identification of estrus

The donkey has a long period of estrus, so it is necessary to check estrus and ovulation in order to ensure timely mating time, reduce the number of mating times and improve the conception rate of female donkeys. The methods of estrus identification were external observation, estrus test, vaginal examination and rectal examination. Rectal examination is usually focused on the basis of external observation.

Second, simultaneous estrus

The method of synchronizing the estrous cycle of female donkeys is called synchronous estrus or synchronous estrus. The estrus synchronization technique mainly uses hormone drugs to change the law of the natural estrous cycle, so as to adjust and unify the process of the estrous cycle, so that the group female donkeys concentrate estrus and ovulation within a specified period of time.

III. Artificial insemination

The procedure of artificial insemination includes rectal examination, semen collection, semen dilution, insemination and so on. The whole work requires technicians to operate skillfully, to do strict disinfection, careful operation, and accurate configuration of diluent and drug solution.

4. Natural mating

During natural mating, the male donkey approaches the female donkey in estrus, produces sexual impulses, appears courtship and erectile reflex, climbs across the female donkey, inserts the penis into the female donkey's vagina after several twitches, ejaculates in about 0.8 minutes, and some male donkeys last more than 1 minute. The mating time is usually between 1 and 1.5 minutes. The cervix of the female donkey in estrus is open, and the cervical canal can hold 2 or 3 fingers in estrus. The male donkey's penis is fully erect, the dilated glans are pushed into the vaginal fornix, and the urethral protuberance is inserted into the cervix. The twitching of the penis creates negative pressure on the cervix, and semen is inhaled into the cervix or uterus during ejaculation. Due to the long estrus period of the female donkey, it is difficult to grasp the mating time, but the male donkey sperm can maintain the fertilization ability in the female donkey's genitals for as long as 3-5 days, so the conception rate of the female donkey will not be affected by mating every other day.

V. diagnosis of pregnancy

Donkey pregnancy examination should be about 18 days after insemination, the first pregnancy examination, can prevent recessive estrus empty false estrus artificial abortion. Pregnancy examination often uses external observation, vaginal examination, rectal examination and other three methods. ① external check. That is, through the naked eye to observe the external performance of the female donkey to judge whether it is pregnant or not. ② vaginal examination. That is, to judge pregnancy by examining the condition of vaginal mucosa and cervix. ③ rectal examination. Like estrus identification, pregnancy is judged by rectal examination of the ovary and uterus.

The key to fattening donkeys in winter

I. the choice of fattening donkeys

Guanzhong donkey and Texas donkey are the first choice. Guanzhong donkeys are mainly produced in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province, with a body weight of 250 kg and 290 kg, while Dezhou donkeys are mainly produced in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, with a body weight of about 260 kg.

2. Deworming and strengthening stomach before fattening

The donkey can carry out deworming and invigorating the stomach after being stable for 2 or 3 days. Chongkexing was used to dispel parasites in donkeys. The oral dosage of powder was 0.1 grams per kilogram of body weight, and the dosage of subcutaneous injection was 0.2 milliliters per kilogram of body weight. Stomach-strengthening is usually carried out 3 days after deworming, giving each donkey 60 grams of artificial salt or 450 grams of Jianwei Powder.

Third, the fattening and raising of little donkeys

Donkeys purchased from other places should be trained to gradually adapt to local feeding conditions. At first, corn and wheat can be ground into flour, boiled into gruel and added a little sugar to induce them to eat. A few days later, in addition to feeding grass normally, they were fed 80 grams of 100 grams of concentrate a day, and then increased gradually. A total of about 500 kg of concentrate is needed during the whole fattening period of the donkey.

IV. Fattening and raising of adult donkeys

For adult donkeys bought from other places, they should first feed some grass, wheat bran and other digestible feed, and feed less frequently, 60 or 70% full each time, and wait for them to eat grass normally before entering the fattening period. During the fattening period, the mixed roughage is mainly composed of high-quality hay, soybean straw powder and corn straw powder, and the mixed concentrate feed is generally 50% soybean cake, 30% corn flour and 20% wheat bran.

Breeding techniques of donkeys

I. principles of scientific feeding of meat donkeys

Meat donkeys should first be raised in slots according to their age, sex, body condition, weight and so on.

To fix the trough, tie short reins, feed 4 times a day according to morning, middle, evening and night (service meat type), the weather is long in summer, you can feed one more time during the day and one less during the day in winter. The coarse material should be cut short and fine, and the concentrate should be selectively crushed, flattened, soaked and fermented, so as to improve its palatability and food intake and promote digestion and absorption. It is necessary to feed full-price formula feed, because the stomach volume of the donkey is small, so it should be fed less frequently and replenished at night. Donkeys need a lot of digestive juices when eating hay, and make sure they have enough clean drinking water and the right amount of salt. Salt can increase appetite and promote digestion and absorption.

2. Fattening methods of adult donkeys

Donkeys newly bought from other places should first be fed some grass, wheat bran and other digestible feed, and should be fed less frequently, feeding 60% to 70% full each time. When the grazing is normal, it enters the introduction and feeding period. The mixed roughage during this period is mainly composed of cereal straw, soybean straw powder and corn straw powder, and the mixed concentrate includes: soybean cake 50%, corn flour 30%, wheat bran 20%. Fattening donkeys just bought from other places may not like to eat the above feed or do not eat it at all. They can first domesticate and feed automatically after seven days.

Specially bought fattening donkeys can be fed twice a day (only roughage at night) and 80% can be full. after two months of raising, they should be slaughtered or sold at the right time according to the fat condition and market price of the donkey. In addition, the concentrate and roughage used in the fattening period of adult donkeys should also be selected according to local natural resources and market conditions. Cottonseed husk, cereal straw, soybean straw powder, corn straw powder and so on can be used to add roughage. The concentrate can be fed with soybean meal, peanut cake, soybean cake, or cooked sorghum or mixed with soybean flour.

The feeding method of young donkey

We all know that colostrum can improve the resistance of animals, so farmers should guide donkeys to eat colostrum as soon as possible. If the young donkey cannot feed on its own, it needs to be fed artificially.

In the next period of time after the baby donkey is born, farmers should pay attention to observe the behavior and physical condition of the baby donkey, always see whether the tail root of the baby donkey is contaminated by feces, whether the umbilical cord is inflamed, and find the problem in time and solve it in time.

If the female donkey does not have milk, the farmer can look for the female donkey with the nearer delivery period to breast-feed, if there is no condition, can use milk powder or milk, donkey milk to carry on artificial feeding.

15 days after the baby donkey is born, the foal can be trained to eat forage. The supplementary grass is fed with high-quality Gramineae hay and alfalfa hay and is allowed to feed freely. The amount of supplementary feed should be flexibly controlled according to the milk yield of the female donkey and the nutritional status, appetite and digestion of the foal.

From the above introduction, we know that donkey breeding still has certain techniques and experience to pursue, so for new breeders, the best way is to learn more from successful breeders and communicate with them more. Learn some of their practical experience and skills.