Artificial hatching technique of raising pheasant

The breeding eggs of pheasants should be hatched as they are laid. If the number of eggs is small, domestic chickens can be used to hatch. If there are many eggs, they have to be hatched in an incubator. The hatching procedure of pheasant breeding eggs is the same as that of domestic chickens, except that the incubation period and the control of temperature and humidity are different. To adopt artificial incubation, the following work should be done well.

1. The equipment should be equipped with an incubator with automatic temperature control and a hatcher, or a chicken incubator, but the specification of the egg plate should be changed. In addition, there are egg illuminators, egg storage trays and so on. You'd better have another generator.

two。 Preparation before hatching

(1) check the equipment. After the incubation equipment is installed, check whether the generators, relays, indication lights, overtemperature alarms, fans and parts are working properly. These devices are required to be sensitive, firm and reliable with good performance. At the same time, a strictly calibrated thermometer is used to determine whether the temperature in different positions of the incubator is uniform. If the temperature difference in the device is more than ±0.5 ℃ and the humidity difference is more than 5%, it should be adjusted. After 2 days of trial operation, if everything is normal, you can disinfect and hatch the eggs. The vulnerable parts should have accessories, and the generator should be in good condition so that it can supply power once needed.

(2) selecting eggs. Eggs should be collected in time, and those produced on the same day should be harvested in order to avoid being contaminated by bacteria. Eggs with moderate size, suitable shape and harmonious shell color must be selected. Eggs with lower than standard weight, abnormal, mottled, irregular and cracked eggs should be removed. Eggs should be weighed and registered one by one. Put the blunt head up on the egg plate. Put it in the incubator and sterilize it with the incubator.

(3) storing eggs. All eggs should be registered and placed in a cool and ventilated place of 12-18 ℃. Generally speaking, the storage of breeding eggs should not exceed 7 days, 10 days at the most, otherwise it will affect the hatching rate.

(4) disinfection. Put a porcelain plate on the bottom of the incubator, mix 5.5 grams of potassium permanganate per cubic meter with 11 milliliters of formaldehyde solution, and quickly seal off and disinfect for 30 minutes. Then turn on the blower to drive out the formaldehyde gas as soon as possible, and then the machine can be hatched. This method can disinfect breeding eggs and incubator at the same time, the method is simple and the effect is remarkable. You can also choose other disinfection methods.

3. Hatching (1) turning eggs. In the process of hatching, the breeding eggs should be turned every 2 hours, turning 45 °up and down. If the temperature difference in the incubator is ±0.5-1 ℃, the plate should be adjusted once a day. (2) cold eggs. Open the incubator door every 12 hours and cool the eggs for 10-20 minutes. The time of cooling eggs in the early stage of incubation can be shorter, but in the later stage, due to the enhancement of the temperature of self-production of embryos, it can be cooler for a little more time. Feeding eggs in batches can prevent overheating. (3) according to the egg. On the 7th and 18th day of incubation, the eggs were taken care of and weighed, and the azoospermic eggs and stillborn eggs were removed.

4. Incubation temperature and humidity temperature and humidity are two vital factors for hatching chicks, which must be strictly controlled. From the first to the 20th day of incubation, the temperature is 37.5-37.8 ℃ and the humidity is 65% Mel 70%. On the 23rd-24th day, the temperature can be reduced to 37 ℃, while the humidity should be increased to 70% Mel 75%. On the 21st day, the embryo eggs were transferred from the incubator to the hatcher to continue to hatch. The highest hatching rate is 90.1%, and the incubation period is 24 days. The hatching rate was significantly different with the difference of temperature and humidity. 1-20 days incubation temperature 37.8 ℃, humidity 65% Mel 70%, near hatching temperature dropped to 37 ℃, relative humidity increased to 75%, shell neatly, concentrated on the 24th day.

The navel of the chick shrinks well, is lively and robust, and the villi are plump and glossy. The hatching rate of fertilized eggs is 90.1%, and the hatching effect is the best. The incubation temperature is low, the embryo development is slow, the hatching is irregular, and the incubation period is prolonged, up to 26 days. The chicks are weak and unstable, and the survival rate of chicks decreases. The temperature is high, the humidity is low, and there are many stillbirths in the later stage of hatching. the beak and fetal hair of the broken shell adhere to the egg membrane and cannot die from the shell. Some died of bleeding or sticking in the beak shell. At this time, if timely midwifery, the hatching rate can be improved. Which is the most important factor, temperature or humidity? We compared the embryonic mortality under the same temperature and different humidity. The results show that the change in humidity has less effect (12.9% Murray 20.9%), and it is obvious that temperature is more important. A slight change in temperature has a great effect on embryonic mortality.

In addition, unexpected situations such as power outage or temperature regulation failure of the incubator are often encountered in the process of incubation. Therefore, an additional incubator and backup generator can ensure the success of the incubation. Otherwise, if we encounter unexpected circumstances, it will be difficult to get good results even if we adopt electrically effective "local methods". In the early stage of hatching, the temperature should be higher (37.8 ℃) to promote the development of embryos; in the later stage of incubation, embryos become more mature and produce more self-temperature, so the temperature should be lowered slightly. Increasing humidity helps chicks break their shells.