Hatching technique of breeding eggs in Chicken Wings and Legs with Brown Sauce

I. selection of incubation equipment

Nowadays, the incubation equipment has become more and more perfect, which has basically achieved automation and microcomputer control. The traditional hatching methods are basically out of use, but the use of modern hatching equipment can not only save manpower, but also achieve a higher hatching rate.

At present, there are many domestic incubation equipment manufacturers, when purchasing equipment, they must purchase equipment from manufacturers with strength, credibility and quality assurance. If the equipment is not good, it will not only bring the problem of equipment value to farmers. At the same time, it will directly affect the success rate of incubation in the future (because the company has long-term incubator partners, customers can also contact the company directly when they need to buy). When purchasing the equipment, the general requirements are: ① timing automatic egg turning function ② automatic temperature control function ③ automatic humidity control function ④ automatic ventilation function ⑤ automatic ultra-high temperature and low temperature alarm and start-up cooling and heating function ⑥ machine internal components can withstand high temperature and humidity operation and long continuous service life ⑦ has emergency power supply equipment against power outage

Second, the debugging of incubation equipment

After the incubator is purchased and assembled, it must be debugged. The scope and methods of debugging are: whether the operation of each unit of ① is normal (egg turning, heating, humidification, ventilation, alarm, etc.). ② uses multi-body thermometers to calibrate temperature sensors. ③ uses a hygrometer to proofread the humidity sensor. ④ uses multiple thermostats to measure the temperature in each position of the chassis to see if the temperature in each position of the chassis is very different. It needs to be measured several times in the same location. In general, the temperature difference between different places can not be 0.5 ℃. If it exceeds this number, it is necessary to carefully check and find out the reason and solve the adjustment. After trial adjustment, the incubator should be tested for two days and measured again to see if it is running properly.

Third, the choice of breeding eggs

Chickens from healthy chickens should be used to hatch eggs, and full-price compound feed should be used for laying hens to ensure that the contents of protein, vitamins and minerals in the feed can meet the needs of chicken production, and a reasonable proportion of male and female is required. Chicken Wings and Legs with Brown Sauce has the characteristics of large amount of activities and small natural cooperation groups. In general, the male-female ratio is 1: 1, 4: 5.

1. The morphological characteristics of Guifei eggs the appearance of Guifei eggs is similar to that of ordinary home eggs, it is white, and the average egg weight is 38 grams, which is slightly smaller than that of ordinary home eggs.

2. The choice of breeding eggs (1) the quality of breeding eggs should be fresh, the eggs laid within ten days are the best, the hatching rate is higher, and the hatched chicks are stronger. (2) the shape and size of breeding eggs should be appropriate, and eggs that are too big, too small, too round and too long are not suitable for hatching. (3) the structure of eggs should be normal, and thin-shell eggs, "sand-preserved eggs" and thick-shell eggs are not suitable for hatching. (4) it should be clean and crack-free. Dirty and broken eggs are often contaminated by microorganisms and are easy to corrupt and pollute the incubator. In addition, breeding eggs should come from healthy breeder flocks with normal feeding and management.

3. Preservation and transportation of breeding eggs

Eggs should be kept in a cool and clean house. If you keep it for a week, the most suitable storage temperature is 15 ℃ 18 min. It should be heat-proof and freeze-proof. It is appropriate to keep the ambient humidity at 70 / 80%. If the eggs are of good quality, the shorter the preservation time, the better. After keeping it for a week, turn the eggs once a day. In the transportation of breeding eggs, attention should be paid to perfect packaging to avoid violent vibration. Special egg trays can be used for long-distance transportation, with shockproof sponge pad, put into the carton, or put a layer of sawdust in the carton, a layer of egg sawdust, until full, so that the upper and lower sides are not easy to collide. Handle it gently when loading and unloading.

4. Disinfection of breeding eggs

Sterilized eggs can increase the hatching rate and reduce the morbidity and mortality of chicks after hatching. Therefore, when a certain number of breeding eggs are collected every day, they should be sterilized and sterilized again before hatching. The methods are as follows: ① is disinfected with bromogeramine, and the dosage is used according to the instructions. ② was soaked in 1 / 1000 potassium permanganate water for 5 minutes. ③ uses 40% formalin 28ml per cubic meter and potassium permanganate 14 grams per cubic meter, reaction fumigation and disinfection for 20 minutes. This method is generally used for disinfection of breeding eggs before storage. No matter which disinfection method is used, the disinfectant must be highly efficient and low toxic, the water temperature of the spray must reach 40 ℃, the water temperature of the spray should reach 45 ℃, the ambient temperature of fumigation should reach 20 to 25 ℃, the humidity should reach 70% 80%, and 20% water can be added to formalin when the humidity is not up to.

5. Preservation of breeding eggs

The shorter the time required for the preservation of breeding eggs, the better, the higher the hatching rate. Generally, a week of preservation will not have much effect on the hatching rate. The suitable storage temperature range is 7.5 ℃-18 ℃ and the humidity is 70% Mel 80%. With the extension of the storage time, the lower the temperature requirements for preservation. It should be noted that the heating and cooling of breeding eggs should be carried out step by step, and the environmental requirements for breeding eggs should be clean, fly-proof and rodent-proof.

Temperature requirements for hatching of breeding eggs

Temperature is an important condition for embryonic development, and embryos can still develop at a temperature of 32 degrees 40 degrees in a short period of time. In the early stage of incubation, a slightly higher temperature is needed because the embryo is young and lacks the ability to adapt to external temperature and regulate body temperature. To the later stage of development, the embryo has the ability to regulate body temperature, and due to the strengthening of fat metabolism, it produces a lot of physiological heat, so it needs a slightly lower temperature, which is the truth of high and middle level before warming and low after application of temperature. The temperature was 38-38.5 degrees in the early stage, 37.5-38 degrees in the middle stage in 14 days, and 37-37.5 degrees in the later stage. If several batches of breeding eggs are hatched at the same time, the temperature can be increased by 37.9 degrees, and the temperature can be increased by + 0.5 degrees in 21 days to facilitate the smooth hatching of chicks.

7. Humidity requirements for hatching eggs

The development of the embryo has a wide range of adaptation to humidity, generally between 50% and 70%. 1 the relative humidity in the early 7 days is 60%, the relative humidity in the early 7 days is 60%, the relative humidity in the 17 days is 50% in the middle, and the relative humidity is 70% in the later stage. In addition to the higher humidity requirements in the later stage, water can be sprayed on the surface of the egg to promote the absorption of calcium in the eggshell and help the chicken to get out of the shell.

VIII. Ventilation requirements

Ventilation is mainly to provide oxygen for the embryo and discharge harmful gases from the machine. At present, all kinds of incubators are equipped with ventilation equipment, so generally there is no need for manual ventilation. When there is a contradiction between ventilation and temperature, the temperature requirements should be met first.

IX. Requirements for turning eggs

The main function of turning eggs is to avoid the adhesion between the embryo and the egg membrane, and the number of turning eggs is generally set to 1.5 Mel every 2 hours.

10. Hatching of breeding eggs

When all the functions of the incubator are set up, the incubator will be installed and hatched. When loading the plate, the eggs coming out of the egg storage room should be preheated so that the temperature of the eggs can reach 20 degrees 25 degrees. When loading the plate, you should put the eggs head up, after the plate is full, if there is a large gap, you can stuff some shredded paper. Each egg plate should be marked and hatched to prevent confusion during the adjustment. When the temperature in the machine is stable at about 38 degrees for several hours, the eggs can be hatched.

Eleven, according to the egg

The purpose of looking at eggs is to check the hatching and detect azoospermic eggs, dead sperm eggs and weak sperm eggs. According to the egg is divided into three times: the head photo on the fifth day after hatching, you can see the eye spot, blood vessels occupy 4/5 of the front of the egg, the color is bright red, for the normal egg. If the blood vessels account for less than 4/5, can not see the eye spot, for weak sperm eggs, such as turbidity with blood circles, blood clots for dead sperm eggs. If the egg shines, you can only see the shadow of egg yellow. it is an unfertilized egg, and it should be eliminated for unfertilized eggs, dead sperm eggs and some poor weak sperm eggs. Second, on the 10th to 11th day, the blood vessels close in the small head of the egg to form a normal egg, if it is not closed, it is a weak sperm egg, and if the air chamber is blurred, the embryo is a stillborn egg. Three according to 18 days, with the small head of the egg facing the light source, can not see the shining place, see the big head close to the air chamber has a width of about 1mm red belt, is a normal egg, if the belt is not red is usually a stillborn egg.

12. Cold eggs

The main function of cold eggs is to distribute excess physiological heat in eggs, and to provide sufficient oxygen to embryos to prevent overtemperature accidents and embryo suffocation due to lack of oxygen. There is no need to cool eggs for one to seven days, once a day for eight to twelve days, twice a day for thirteen to seventeen days, and once every four to six hours for eighteen to twenty days. Cold eggs can be combined with a dial, the method is to take the eggs out of the incubator to cool, if the whole hatch can open the vents of the incubator to cool the eggs. The temperature of cold eggs should be controlled at about 35 degrees Celsius (that is, when the eggs come into contact with human eye skin, they can feel warm and not cool), and the ambient temperature of cold eggs is generally about 25 degrees. Generally speaking, incubators with good ventilation do not need to cool eggs.

13. Brooding and picking up chicks

When the eggs hatch to 18 to 20 days, there is no need to turn the eggs, the live embryo eggs can be transferred to the chick plate to hatch. Those who have a hatching machine must be transferred to the hatching machine to give birth. When a chicken comes out of its shell, it should be picked up every two to four hours. The chicken should not be picked up until the hair is dry. The cartons or baskets for the chicks should not be too large. They should be put less in hot weather and more in cold weather. After picking up the chicks, the chicks should be transferred to the greenhouse or nursery in time. After the chicks come out of the shell, those who are not transported should be given drinking water and feed within 24 hours. When most of the chicks come out of the shell, there are still a few chicks that do not come out of the shell need artificial midwifery. When midwifery, first knock with your hand, if you hear an empty sound, it means that the blood vessels have dried up. After pulling the head out of the chicken during midwifery, let it slowly come out of its shell. If the chicken and egg membrane adhesion, can be soaked in warm water, gently pull out, midwifery encountered bleeding should immediately stop.

14. Cleaning and disinfection after hatching

Clean and disinfect the chick machine, chick plate, egg tray and chick room after each hatching. The dead embryo eggs and eggshells were treated innocuously. For the hatchling incubator, it should be noted that the temperature in the chassis should not be too low when cleaning, which can be cleaned after raising the room temperature.

Causes of death of embryos at different stages of incubation

The nutritional level and health status of breeder chickens were poor in the early stage of ① death (1mi 6 days), mainly due to the lack of vitamin An and vitamin B2, the storage time of breeding eggs was too long, the storage temperature was too high or frozen; the fumigation and disinfection of breeding eggs was improper, and the temperature in the early stage of hatching was too high; the transportation of breeding eggs was strongly shaken; hereditary. The nutritional level and health status of breeder chickens who died in the middle stage of ② (7 Mel 12 days) were poor, such as vitamin B2 deficiency, the peak of embryo death was from 9 to 14 days, and edema appeared when vitamin D3 was deficient; dirty eggs were not disinfected; the incubation temperature was too high and poor ventilation; if the allantoic bag was not closed, it was mostly caused by improper turning of eggs except for underdevelopment. The nutrition level of breeder chickens is poor, such as vitamin B12 deficiency, most embryos die from the 16th to 18th days; the air chamber is small and the humidity is too high; if the embryo has obvious hyperemia, it shows that there is a stage of high temperature; the temperature is too high; the temperature is too high; in the small head mouth, it is poor ventilation or small head upward hatching. ④ suffocation shell: high temperature and humidity during hatching, poor ventilation will lead to embryonic cartilage deformities, abnormal fetal position, yolk sac rupture, neck and leg paralysis, weakness and so on. ⑤ died after digging the hole, if the mouth of the hole was caused by high temperature and high humidity; from the 20th to 21 days, it was poorly ventilated, and the embryo encountered high temperature protein not absorbed when using protein. If the allantoic bag is not closed properly, the temperature drops sharply when the yolk does not enter the abdominal cavity.

XVI. Handling of power outages

Units that adopt electric incubation should be equipped with backup generators so that they can supply power on their own in case of a power outage. If there is no power supply or the incubator fails, the following emergency measures should be taken: when the room temperature is more than 21 ℃ and the power outage time is less than 15 hours, the doors and vents can be closed to prevent the temperature in the machine from falling too much. When the room temperature is low, try to increase the room temperature. For eggs whose embryo age is more than 11 days, due to a large amount of physiological heat produced by themselves, when the air blowing in the machine stops, the temperature of the upper layer is often higher than that of the lower layer. At this time, the upper layer should be adjusted up and down once every 6 hours, or shake the fan every half hour for 2-3 minutes, so that the upper and lower temperature in the machine is uniform. If the embryo age is more than 16 days, check the egg temperature at any time, adjust the disk every 2-3 hours, turn on all the in and out fans, and appropriately increase the fan shaking time to disperse the excess heat in the machine. When there is a power outage when the room temperature is more than 30 ℃, the door should be opened and the door should be closed after discharging the heat from the machine. Pay more attention to the eggs whose embryo age is more than 10 days, otherwise it is easy to overheat and cause accidents.