Technique of semi-wild culture of soft-shelled turtle

The culture of semi-wild biochemical soft-shelled turtle is a healthy culture way to imitate the natural growth habits of soft-shelled turtle, and the culture period (3 ~ 4 years) is long, so the produced soft-shelled turtle has the excellent quality of wild characteristics and is very popular in the market. Generally, the average yield per mu is 250,300kg, and the average annual income per mu is about 6000 yuan, which has achieved better economic, social and ecological benefits. In many years of aquaculture practice, we have tried to find out a set of more standardized production technical regulations, which are briefly introduced as follows:

I. Construction of ecological culture ponds

The aquaculture base should be built in the area where the environment is quiet, close to the water source and the water quality is not polluted. The breeding ponds should be soil ponds, square, sandy loam soil at the bottom, silt thickness no more than 15cm, flat bottom, 1.2 to 2.5m depth, and an area of not more than 15 mu. If possible, turtle ponds, juvenile turtle ponds and juvenile turtle ponds can be built. The aquaculture pond can use asbestos board, brick wall, cement board and other anti-escape facilities, transplant water plants in the pond, and put an appropriate amount of conch clam and other shellfish in spring to form a good ecological environment in the pond. In addition, a number of feed tables and sun-backed habitat tables are set up as needed.

2. Breeding and release of high-quality seedlings

1. Parents choose and buy wild soft-shelled turtles growing in natural waters as parents. The body weight is required to be 2-4 kg ·L-1 and 6-Murray 7 years old. It has reached sexual maturity, disease-free, injury-free and strong physique, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1. The parent soft-shelled turtles selected and purchased should be reared in a special pond, with a stocking density of 0.3 million per square surface. In the feed feeding, they should be mainly animal bait (live snail clams, small miscellaneous fish, animal viscera, etc.). Supplemented with appropriate amount of plant bait (cakes, pumpkins, etc.) and compound feed, the daily feeding amount is 5% and 8% of the body weight of soft-shelled turtles in the pond.

2. Artificial incubation and cultivation while breeding parent soft-shelled turtles, soft-shelled turtle eggs should be observed and collected in time and hatched indoors in a thermostat or sand tray (in which sand is screened with a 25-mesh mesh). The temperature should be controlled at 33 ℃-34 ℃, the humidity should be 81%-82%, and the water content of sand in the hotbed should be controlled at 7%-8%. After 3638 days, juvenile and young soft-shelled turtles should be hatched. Juvenile soft-shelled turtles should be reared in separate ponds, mainly with fresh bait such as water fleas, silk earthworms, minced fish and so on. During the overwintering period, it is necessary to improve the anti-freezing facilities in order to improve the survival rate of overwintering.

3. The seedlings were put into use to raise soft-shelled turtles in soil ponds at room temperature, and the seeds began to be planted from April to June every spring. It is suitable to put in young soft-shelled turtles with a body weight of more than 15 grams, requiring neat scale, the same age and strong physique. Soft-shelled turtle species purchased from other places should be temporarily cultivated and strengthened for one month, and the seedlings cultivated by self-propagation can be put directly. Potassium permanganate and other drugs were used before disinfection to prevent the occurrence of diseases, and the seedling density was generally 600 per mu. In addition, an appropriate amount of silver carp, silver carp, yellow catfish and green shrimp should be stocked in the culture pond to improve the utilization rate of water body.

3. Adult soft-shelled turtles are raised in the open air at natural water temperature, which requires the creation of an ecological environment for the growth of soft-shelled turtles as far as possible and scientific management.

The main results are as follows: 1. The feed is mainly fresh bait, with some plant bait as self-made bait, the main species are: fresh snail clam, small miscellaneous fish, animal viscera, cakes, bran, pumpkin and artificial formula feed. When the water temperature rises above 18 ℃, the daily feeding amount is 3% of the body weight of soft-shelled turtle. Feed 1mi twice a day, depending on the water temperature and weather conditions, can be used with a small amount of photosynthetic bacteria and other biological agents, generally do not use soft-shelled turtle pellet feed, banned additives and hormones or residual drugs.

2. Water quality control and disease prevention. In the process of semi-wild biochemical soft-shelled turtle culture, the key to control the disease and improve the quality of soft-shelled turtle lies in the control of water environment, the key point is to do a good job of water quality control, to create a natural growth environment of soft-shelled turtle as far as possible, and to establish the ecological balance of water body. ① should do a good job in pond ecological setting. One is to put live snail clam, clam and other shellfish, 200kg per mu from March to April in spring, and the other is to transplant aquatic plants, such as bitter grass, Elodea, water hyacinth, etc., with a coverage of 1 inch 3 to create a good ecological environment to achieve self-purification in the pond. ② regularly add and change water, every 10 to 15 days should be an appropriate amount of water and water, the amount of water should not exceed 1/3, to maintain fresh and stable water quality. ③ regularly sprinkles quicklime to regulate water quality and keep pH value stable. ④ controls feeding to reduce the damage of bait to the water environment. First of all, the feeding should be controlled within 2 hours; secondly, adhere to the inspection to avoid excessive feeding caused by residual bait to damage the water quality. ⑤ adds microbial products regularly. For example, photosynthetic bacteria can be sprinkled regularly and added to the bait every day, which can purify water quality, prevent disease and promote growth, and improve the conversion rate of bait. In the prevention and control of diseases, we must give priority to ecological control, supplemented by drug prevention, regularly feed bait and use germicidal and insecticidal drugs to prevent diseases, and the use of drugs must comply with the provisions of NY5071-2001.

3, separate pond management every year according to the growth of soft-shelled turtles, timely selection, the scale is basically the same size together to prevent killing and causing diseases, which is conducive to the culture and management of soft-shelled turtles and promote the growth. Fourth, after 3-4 years of open-air culture at room temperature, the farmed soft-shelled turtle generally reaches about 500 grams. At this time, according to the needs of the market, the turtle should be caught and listed in time, which can be caught in cages or dry ponds. At the time of listing, the company or association should unify the organization to implement brand sales to the outside world.