How to improve the hatching rate of ostrich culture

(1) Scientific feeding management

1. Full balanced nutrition. Nutritional level of ostrich is the basic factor affecting hatchability. Metabolizable energy requirement of ostrich feed during breeding period is 11,3 kJ/kg, crude fat should be limited to 6%~8%, protein should be limited to 18%~24%, and attention should be paid to the supply of several amino acids ( %): arginine 1,04, lysine 0,86, methionine + cystine 0,73, phenylalanine 0,95, valine 1,02; The suitable content of crude fiber is 10%, calcium 4%~ 4.5%, available phosphorus 0.4%, sodium 0.3%, magnesium 0.25%, vitamin E 80 IU/kg. The high quality of green feed should be paid attention to, pantothenic acid and other trace elements should be supplemented appropriately. According to the study, adult ostrich in breeding season, feeding diet nutrition content for low energy, high protein, high cellulose, and meat and bone meal, blood meal instead of fish meal, or can get a higher hatchability.

2. Healthy management. First of all, proper exercise and weight control should be ensured. Ostrich in the laying period, should prevent weight too fat or too thin, otherwise, affect reproduction. Secondly, the ratio of male to female should be reasonable, generally 1:2, if the male bird is really excellent, it can be increased to 1:3~4. Finally, daily management should be strengthened, ostrich laying nests should be reasonably set up, feces and eggs should be removed in time, aviaries should be kept dry and clean, bacterial pollution should be prevented, male birds without fertility ability or lack of "climbing" ability should be eliminated, at the same time, ostrich breeding period should not be randomly transferred, keepers should be replaced or ostrich should be driven suddenly, so as to avoid ostrich shock and other stress, chicken houses and sports grounds should be disinfected regularly, ostrich quarantine and epidemic prevention should be carried out to keep birds healthy.

(ii) Strict selection of breeding eggs

The eggs must come from good and healthy birds. When selecting eggs, first pick out thin shell eggs, sand shell eggs, steel preserved eggs and eggs that are too large, too small, too flat, too round and too large in contaminated area. The newly produced eggs should not be incubated immediately, and should be stored for more than 24 hours, but it is best not to exceed 6 days, and the temperature of preservation should be 15℃. If the storage period exceeds 6 days, the temperature needs to be reduced, the relative humidity for storing eggs should be 70%~80%, and attention should be paid to the ventilation of the storage room. When eggs are preserved, they should be turned upside down once a day.

(III) Improving hygiene and disinfection measures

1. Disinfection of ostrich egg storage room. Wipe the floor with disinfectant once a day, clean and disinfect it comprehensively every 2 weeks, and fumigate with formalin solution.

2. Disinfection of eggs. Ostrich eggs, keepers to use sterile gauze catch, and then sent to the incubator disinfection, disinfection dose per square meter with 37% formalin 42 ml, potassium permanganate 21 g, fumigation for 30 minutes. If not caught, wipe off the surface dirt with gauze soaked in disinfectant and immediately send it to the incubator for disinfection. Before incubation, soak in disinfectant (temperature should not exceed 40℃) for 20~30 seconds, and then dry the eggs with sterilized dry gauze before incubation.

3. Disinfection of hatchery. The floor of incubation room shall be mopped once every 2 days with disinfectant, the walls and ceilings shall be sprayed once every half month with disinfectant, and the floor shall be cleaned comprehensively once a month.

4. Disinfection of incubator. Before each incubation, the inside and outside of the incubator and its surface should be wiped with disinfectant and fumigated with formalin.

(iv) Appropriate incubation conditions

1. The right temperature. Experience shows that when the room temperature is 18~25℃, if the constant temperature incubation method is adopted, the incubation temperature is controlled at 37℃, and the incubation temperature can be appropriately reduced with the increase of room temperature. The incubation period can also be divided into early, middle and late stages, and the temperature can be controlled to 36, 5℃, 36℃, 35, 5℃ respectively, and the corresponding relative humidity is 22%, 23%, 25%. And the eggs can be large, medium, small or heavy, medium, light three grades, the implementation of extension incubation, can improve the hatching rate and healthy chick rate.

2. The right humidity. For constant temperature incubation method, the humidity can be controlled at 20%~25% in the early stage of incubation, and the humidity should be relatively increased when it is transferred to the nestling, usually 30%~40%. The relatively high humidity in the late stage is conducive to the nestling pecking shell.

3. Reasonable ventilation and cool eggs. Embryo development needs fresh air and sufficient oxygen, carbon dioxide and various harmful gases should not exceed the standard, therefore, regular ventilation should be carried out. Ostrich eggs are larger in size and thicker in eggshell, especially in late stage, so cold eggs should be paid attention to.

(V) Correct incubation operation process

When hatching, be sure to make the ostrich eggs with their heads facing upward, distinguish batches according to storage period and egg laying period, carefully record, try not to mix incubation, so as not to cause confusion in hatching; turn over eggs during incubation; incubation procedures are: egg selection disinfection storage room incubation room disinfection bird hair operation, avoid cross infection.