Dietary Standard and Feed preparation for breeding Xiang Pig

(l) the diet of Xiang pigs the standard diet of Xiang pigs refers to the amount of feed consumed by a Xiang pig day and night. The diet of Xiang pig is based on the feeding standard of Xiang pig, and several different amounts of feed are selected. the steps to make the various substances provided meet the quantities specified in the feeding standards. As the feeding science of Xiang pigs is based on the rational use of all kinds of feed to meet the nutritional needs, a group of well-matched diets should be based on the adoption of a variety of feeds. After reasonable collocation, the type and quantity of nutrients can basically meet the indicators stipulated in the feed standards, and have good palatability and meet the economic requirements.

The feed that Xiang pig eats into the body every day, after digestion and absorption, the nutrition is converted into energy, part of it is used to maintain life metabolism, part of it is used to make up for exercise consumption, and the rest energy is used to gain weight. The amount of energy used to gain weight is different for Xiang pigs in different periods and for different uses. If the breeding Xiang pig has too much energy, it will grow too fat and fat, which is extremely disadvantageous to the reproduction of the breeding Xiang pig. If the energy of commercial Xiang pig is insufficient, the growth of Xiang pig will be slow, the cost will increase relatively, and the economic benefit will decrease. Therefore, the feed formula of Xiang pigs in different periods and different uses is different.

Feed formula for ① pregnant sows during pregnancy, in addition to the nutritional consumption of the sow itself, and the fetus in the sow also needs nutritional consumption, therefore, it should be fully considered. The recommended nutritional standards are: digestible energy 2700 kcal / kg, protein 155%, calcium 1%, phosphorus 0.53%. Examples of formula: corn 27%, drum skin 27%, rice bran 15%, soybean meal 12%, peanut meal 2%, meat and bone meal 2%, alfalfa powder 13%, shell powder 1. 6%, salt 0.4%.

② reserve and empty sow feed formula sows in the backup and empty period, mainly for the preparation of breeding, therefore, nutrition can not be excessive. If there is excess nutrition at this time, it will cause sows not to be in estrus or to reduce the conception rate of estrus and mating. The recommended nutritional standards are: digestible energy 2680 kcal / kg, protein 15%, calcium 0.9%, phosphorus 0.52%. Examples of formula: corn 26%, wheat bran 26%, rice bran 15%, alfalfa meal 17%, soybean meal 12%, meat and bone meal 2%, shell powder 1. 6%, salt 0.4%.

The feed formula of ③ Xiang pig refers to the period from 20 days after birth to the age of India. In the early stage of growth, the intestinal development of young Xiang pigs is not perfect, so it is necessary to feed more food that is easy to digest and absorb. Xiang pigs grow fast in the late growth period, so we should pay attention to the supply of energy and other nutrients. The recommended nutritional standards are: digestible energy 2800 kcal / kg, protein 165%, calcium 0.74%, phosphorus 0.35%. For example, corn 28%, drum skin 27%, rice bran 15%, soybean meal 12%, peanut meal 3%, alfalfa meal 12%, meat and bone meal 1%, bone meal 0.8%, salt 0.2%.

Feed Formula of ④ Xiang Pig male Xiang Pig is a male Xiang Pig specially used to mate with sows. Especially in the mating season of male Xiang pigs, the physical consumption is relatively large, if the nutrition can not keep up, it will also affect the mating conception rate of sows. The recommended nutritional standards are: digestible energy 2800 kcal / kg, protein 16%, calcium 0.6%, phosphorus 0.45%. Examples of formula: corn 27%, wheat bran 27%, rice bran 15%, soybean meal 12%, peanut meal 2%, meat and bone meal 1%, alfalfa meal 13%, bone meal 0.8%, salt 0.2%.

The feed formula of ⑤ lactation sow during lactation period, not only the sow itself needs the consumption of nutrients, but also lactation young, therefore, the physical consumption is relatively large, which needs to make the sow get sufficient supply, otherwise it is disadvantageous to the growth and development of mother and calf. The recommended nutritional standards are: digestible energy 2820 kcal / kg, protein 16%, calcium 0.7%, phosphorus 0. 5%. 4%. Examples of formula: corn 28%, wheat bran 28%, rice bran 15%, soybean meal 12%, peanut meal 3%, meat and bone meal 1%, alfalfa meal 11%, bone meal 0. 8%, salt 0. 5%. 2%. The formula of the feed is not fixed, in the actual operation, according to the conditions that we have, we should choose the local feed properly and cooperate scientifically. At the same time, the feeding effect should be observed and the formula should be adjusted in time.

(2) the matters needing attention in the design of dietary formula are as follows: first, to meet the needs of Xiang pigs for various nutrients. Feed practice has proved that the selection of appropriate feeding standards is the basis to improve the practical value of compound diets, so as to meet the nutritional needs of Xiang pigs. First of all, to meet the needs of energy, only to meet the needs of energy, can consider the needs of protein and amino acids, inorganic salts and vitamins and other nutrients, the deficiency of these substances can be supplemented by various additives. Secondly, the balance of energy and protein should be considered. In the ratio of diet, when the energy is low, the content of protein should also be relatively reduced. If you use high energy and low protein or low energy and high protein, it will cause feed waste.

Second, the diet of Xiang pigs should be composed of a variety of feeds. Feeding practice has proved that a single feed is difficult to meet the nutritional needs, a variety of feed can play a complementary role of nutrients, generally in the feed composition should not be less than 3-5 varieties. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the increase of crude fiber feed. Xiang pigs are mainly green fodder in the wild natural environment, and Xiang pigs also have the habit of eating green feed under artificial breeding, so alfalfa meal accounts for 11%-13% of the ingredients in the above formula. In the actual production, if there is no alfalfa meal, it can be replaced by other silage and silage to prevent malnutrition of Xiang pigs caused by the lack of crude fiber feed.

Third, we should pay attention to the palatability and digestive characteristics of the feed. In the production practice, the feed with good palatability and in line with the digestive characteristics of fragrant pigs should be selected. Good palatability, Xiang pig likes to eat, large food intake, good digestion, conducive to the absorption of feed, so that Xiang pig healthy growth and development. At the same time, we should pay attention to the feed intake of Xiang pigs to prevent excessive dietary volume and insufficient nutrition. Diet preparation should also choose no mildew, no deterioration of feed raw materials, to prevent harmful substances into the body of Xiang pigs, resulting in adverse effects, and even make Xiang pigs get sick and die.

Fourth, pay attention to improve economic benefits and reduce feed costs. This requires that when choosing feed, we should adjust measures to local conditions and times; choose feed with high nutritional value and low price; reasonably arrange the processing technology of feed, save labor, and reduce unnecessary expenses.

(3) Feed processing and preparation in order to reduce chewing difficulties, improve digestibility, promote appetite, remove harmful parts of feed, and facilitate storage, Xiang pig feed should be processed before feeding.

① green feed should be fed when fresh to ensure that high nutrients are absorbed in time. If fresh green fodder can not be fed, or can not be fed and there is surplus, it should be spread out thinly and should not be piled up, so as to avoid fever and yellowing, or decay and deterioration and loss of edible value. The green fodder drenched by Rain Water should be drained before feeding. If the green fodder is dyed with soil and impurities, it should be washed, shaken dry and then fed.

② seed feed, such as corn, wheat, etc., must be crushed or mashed before feeding. Black beans, soybeans and other beans are soaked in warm water for 3-4 hours before feeding or cooked for 3-4 hours to increase their flavor and easy to digest. At the same time, they can also destroy toxic substances and improve nutritional value.

③ oil meal feed should be mixed with bran and wheat bran after processing and crushing. Bean dregs should be pressed dry and then mixed with bran, corn flour, drum husks and other feed. Root feed, such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, carrots, etc., should be washed and cut into thin shreds or slices and fed.

④ salt should be ground into powder or dissolved in water and then transferred to feed, or directly dissolved in water as drinking water. When feeding pellet feed, we should pay attention to whether the feed is moldy and deteriorated. When feeding dry feed, we should pay attention to the drinking water of Xiang pigs.