Preparation of Feed for cultured Boer Goat

When it comes to Boer goat, some people may not know much about it. There are many kinds of sheep. Different sheep have different feeding methods and fodder. Therefore, breeders should first understand the living habits of this kind of sheep before breeding.

Common feeds and nutritional characteristics

1. Green feed: there are many kinds of green feed, including all kinds of weeds, all kinds of available branches and leaves, as well as artificially cultivated forage, leafy vegetables, aquatic green feed and so on.

2. Silage: this is a kind of feed made from lactic acid fermentation by chopping, compacting and sealing in a silage kiln (pool) or plastic bag. Silage is characterized by sweet and sour smell, good palatability, rich nutrition and can be preserved for a long time. Sheep farms and professional sheep farmers can use it as an excellent feed for sheep in winter. The straw of barley, green corn and other crops, peanut rattan, Taro vine and all kinds of gramineous weeds and leaves can be used as silage materials. Silage can replace 50% of the roughage in the diet, which is the winter feed for Boer goats. Silage must be of good quality without mildew, otherwise it will cause gastrointestinal disorders.

3. Dry roughage: dry roughage is an important feed for Boer goat during the feeding period or half-house feeding period. Including hay and all kinds of crop straw, blighted shell, vine and so on, this is the most abundant resources and the cheapest feed. In order to make full and rational use of this kind of roughage, scientific and reasonable processing methods must be adopted to improve its feeding value.

4. Concentrate feed: concentrate mainly refers to the seeds and processing by-products of Gramineae crops and legume crops. Such as corn, barley, soybean, wheat bran, cake, etc., concentrate feed is high in digestible nutrients, which is a necessary supplementary feed for Boer goats, especially in pre-slaughter fattening and winter and spring withered grass season.

5. Succulent feed: it mainly refers to root tuber feed such as carrot, potato, potato, sugar beet and pumpkin, which is characterized by high water content, low dry matter content, low crude fiber content, rich vitamin content and high digestibility. It is a good feed for Boer goats in winter and spring.

6. Animal feed: it mainly refers to the by-products of fish, meat and dairy processing and other animal products. Commonly used are eggs, fish meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, feather meal, silkworm pupa, whole milk and skim milk and so on. Animal feed is high protein feed, which generally contains more than 50% protein, and the cost is relatively high. Animal protein feed is rarely used in ruminants, but animal feed can be properly supplemented in the lactation of Boer goat ewes, the peak period of breeding ram and the fattening stage of hybrid sheep.

7. Mineral feed: natural feed contains mineral elements, but there are some problems, such as incomplete composition, different content and so on. Therefore, in house feeding and grazing Boer goats breeding ewes, breeding rams and lambs in the growth and development stage should be properly supplemented with some minerals. Mineral feeds containing calcium include shell powder, stone powder and so on. There are mainly bone meal and calcium phosphate in the feed containing calcium and phosphate. Salt can supplement the sodium and chlorine needed by sheep, and can stimulate appetite and promote digestion. In addition, we also need trace elements-zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt chloride, magnesium sulfate and so on. Attention: concentrate supply should be arranged and supplied according to the difference of sheep structure, breeding plan, grazing intake and nutritional needs. The hay supplied in the winter and spring withered season should be arranged according to the length of the withering period in this area, such as the general withering period in the north, and the dry matter intake of Boer goats is 2.5%-3% of their body weight. among them, the percentage of roughage in the diet: 60% of lambs after weaning, 80% of adult sheep, 30% higher than the actual arrangement.

Preparation of Feed for cultured Boer Goat

In recent years, the area of artificial pastures and improved natural pastures has been increasing. The forage grass of artificial grassland can solve the supplementary feeding grass and grazing in winter dry grass season.

1. Perennial ryegrass: strong adaptability, lax soil requirements, strong regeneration ability and cold tolerance, 5000 kg fresh grass per mu, turning green seven days after cutting, soft grass, fragrant taste and good palatability.

2. Red clover: leguminous, perennial (2 ~ 4 years), suitable for planting in areas where it is not too hot in summer and not too cold in winter. Red clover has high yield and strong regeneration. It can be cut three times a year in Beijing, about 2000 kg per mu, and 4 ~ 5 times in the south. The managed yield can reach 4000 kg ~ 5000 kg.

3. White clover: Leguminosae, perennial herb, with a long life span, generally more than 10 years. It likes warm and humid climate, the suitable temperature for growth is 19 ℃ ~ 24 ℃, and its heat resistance and cold resistance are stronger than those of red clover. Acid-tolerant soil, salt-alkali-intolerant, drought-intolerant, high nutritional value, no matter grazing or cutting mainly use its leaves, the yield is relatively low.

4. Alfalfa: leguminous perennial, known as the king of forage, using a life span of 5 ~ 7 years, like warm and semi-arid climate, warm day and cool night is the most suitable for alfalfa growth. Strong cold resistance, can withstand the low temperature of-20 ℃. Prefer neutral or slightly alkaline soil. Cutting at the early flowering stage affects the yield prematurely, and it can be cut 3 ~ 4 times a year in Beijing area. High nutritional value, rich in crude protein, minerals and vitamins. Generally, the yield of grass per mu is 4000 kg ~ 5000 kg, and 1 kg of hay can be made for every 2 kg ~ 3.5kg fresh grass.

5. Hundred-vein root (also known as horn flower): Leguminosae, perennial herb. Like warm and humid climate, cold tolerance is poor, not adapted to cold and dry areas, can also grow in barren and poorly drained soil. It is resistant to trampling and grazing, and its regeneration is medium. High nutritional value, good quality and good palatability. Suitable for grazing-based pastures, its stems and leaves contain low diosgenin, and it is not easy to cause bloating disease after eating sheep.

6. Flat-spiked brome: Gramineae annual or short-term perennial herbs. Suitable for humid and warm winter climate, cold resistance is poor. In Beijing, Inner Mongolia can not overwintering, strong saline-alkali tolerance, drought tolerance, but not resistant to stagnant water, higher requirements for soil fertility. Flat brome has good palatability, and all kinds of livestock like to feed. The yield of hay is 700 kg per mu. Feed preparation feed should be properly prepared, concentrate should be processed into 0.5 cm ~ 0.6 cm particles, straw and grass should be cut into 1 cm ~ 2 cm, roots, tubers, melons and fruits should be washed and cut into small pieces before feeding.

The collocation method of concentrate feed

Concentrate feed should be matched reasonably and strive for diversification, especially protein, mineral elements, trace elements, vitamin A, D, E and so on. Grass is best cut at heading stage, legume grass is cut at early flowering stage, and the water content of grass should be less than 15%, so that it is green and fragrant and free of impurities. The corn stalk for making silage should be harvested at the ripening stage, and the silage should be green or yellowish green with wine flavor. Silage feed, adult Boer goat ram 2 kg ~ 2.5 kg per day, ewe 2 kg ~ 2.3 kg, lambs should not be fed.

The main results are as follows: 1. The modulation methods of hay are mainly cut short of dried grass, sweet potato vine and peanut stalk. Cutting short can not only reduce waste, but also increase food intake. Generally cut into small segments of 3 cm ~ 4 cm, and mix Gramineae hay and legume hay as much as possible. The short-cut hay can be wet with clean water or light salt water, and then sprinkle some concentrate to feed the sheep, the effect will be better. Concentrate can be used with cornmeal, bran or formula feed as needed.

2. The processing of straw feed the straw feed is mainly crude fiber, the nutritional value is low and the palatability is poor. Only through processing can the palatability be improved and the utilization rate and nutritional value can be improved. The common methods are ammoniation and microsilage. Ammoniated feed: because ammonia can destroy the firmness between lignin and cellulose in straw, it can improve the digestibility of straw. At the same time, the nitrogen contained in ammonia can also increase the crude protein content of feed. The ammoniated straw or other roughage can increase the nitrogen content by 0.8% / 0.1% and the crude protein content by 5% / 6%. Feeding sheep after ammoniation treatment of wheat straw, rice straw and corn straw can increase the digestibility by about 30%.

Specific methods of ammoniation of straw

The straw is stacked, generally 20% ammonia is poured into 100kg straw, the temperature of liquid ammonia is not lower than 20 ℃, layer by layer is stacked and sprayed layer by layer, and finally sealed with plastic film. The mixed straw can also be put into a closed pool or sealed in a plastic bag. Farmers can process a small amount of ammoniated feed using urea ammoniation, the proportion is 1 kg of urea, 10 kg of water can be sprayed 25 kg of straw, straw and sprayed urea water should be fully mixed evenly, mixed into plastic bags, vats or cement ponds, the key is to keep air tight. The treated straw should be sealed for 15 ~ 20 days in spring and autumn, 7 ~ 10 days in summer and 45 ~ 50 days in winter. It should be placed for 1 ~ 2 days after opening so that the excess ammonia can be volatilized before feeding. The feed with better ammoniated quality is brown and has paste flavor. After more than a week of adaptation, the feed intake of sheep is generally 100 kg body weight 3.3 kg ~ 8.8 kg, each time the ammoniated straw should be covered with plastic sheeting. Ammoniated feed generally has no side effects, but it should be fully ventilated and mixed evenly before feeding. In case of poisoning, each sheep can be fed with 0.5 ~ 1.5 liters of vinegar to detoxify.

In the process of breeding sheep, the collocation of feed is very important, only reasonable application of breeding feed can get twice the result with half the effort, effectively save breeding costs, and maximize the benefits of breeding.