Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in pigeon farming

The disease is a typical chronic and consumptive infectious disease of pigeons and other poultry, characterized by intractable diarrhea, anemia, weight loss and nodules of varying organ sizes. The pathogen is Mycobacterium tuberculosis of avian type, which is not virulent to humans and animals. Natural infection is usually caused by swallowing human diseased pigeon feces and contaminated feed, mainly through respiratory tract, digestive tract or skin, mucous membrane damage. The incidence of the disease is closely related to the quality of feeding and management and lack of nutrition. If there are diseased pigeons that expel their own bacteria, the diseased pigeons will become a source of infection, especially those with systemic tuberculosis or intestinal tuberculosis or tuberculosis; if the pigeons are close to other poultry, no matter which side occurs the disease, it is possible to infect each other.

1. Clinical symptoms

The incubation period of the disease is long, which can be as long as 2 ~ 12 months. Its prominent appearance symptoms are anemia and emaciation, sick pigeons are mainly pulmonary tuberculosis, the development is very slow, and there are no obvious symptoms in the early stage; in severe cases, they show dyspnea, inactivity, mental malaise, loss of appetite, wing droop, and progressive emaciation, especially in chest muscle atrophy, prominent or deformed sternum, systemic weakness, extreme emaciation, fat disappearance, dry skin, loose feathers, liver anthrax. If the bone tissue is invaded, it will trek on one side and jump when walking. Occasionally see a wing prolapse; if joint tuberculosis, then joint swelling, broken line; if intestinal tuberculosis has dysentery; if tuberculosis has cough, severe dyspnea; if skin tuberculosis, you can see tuberculosis nodule growth in the skin (especially head skin). Generally speaking, the disease has no fixed symptoms, but it also has certain characteristics, that is, the development of the disease is slow, the course of the disease is long, progressive weight loss, and finally ends in death.

2. brake examination of pathological changes

The lungs of seriously ill pigeons are covered with tuberculosis foci. If the pigeons die suddenly, the abdominal cavity is often found to be full of blood, liver swelling, brittleness and tuberculosis lesions. The spleen is enlarged, and there are also tuberculosis lesions. Bone tuberculosis often affects the femur and tibia. Intestinal tuberculosis and mesenteric tuberculosis as well as tuberculous arthritis can also be seen. The nodules are grayish-white or yellowish-white and vary in size from the tip of the needle to the size of the pea. A capsule of fibrous tissue can be seen on the outside of the nodule. It is full of yellow and white cheese-like substances and usually does not calcify. Some nodules are cheese-like in the center and calcareous calcification around them; some nodules are surrounded by red rings with more small nodules, such as pomegranates with numerous small nuclei.

3. Prevention and treatment

It is of little value in the treatment of this disease. The prevention and control methods should focus on the culling and elimination of diseased pigeons, which can be burned or buried deeply to protect uninfected healthy pigeons. However, pigeon houses (cages) and related appliances, tools, transport vehicles, material tanks, water basins and so on should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. It can be fumigated with formalin or soaked in bleach solution. The sports ground should be shoveled off the surface soil, sprinkled with quicklime, and then covered with a layer of clean new soil. When pigeon flocks are seriously infected, the whole flock should be eliminated, new pigeon farms should be built or healthy pigeon flocks should be re-cultivated.

In terms of prevention, it is important not to introduce sources of infection, which is the key. If a new flock of pigeons must be introduced, it is necessary to strictly isolate and observe for 60 days, and only when it is confirmed that there is no disease can the flock be mixed. Of course, it is also very important to strengthen the feeding and management in peacetime.

For some poultry or expensive breeding pigeons with high economic value, they can be treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs.

The main results are as follows: (1) rifampicin is a new drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, which can be taken orally or injected, with low toxicity and good tolerance. Take orally 30 mg each time, such as with streptomycin (0. 1 gram injection), different smoke navel (30 mg per kg body weight) and other combined use, the curative effect is better.

(2) the combination of 30 mg / kg body weight and 30 mg / kg body weight has a certain therapeutic effect on the disease.

(3) ofloxacin (fluoric acid) raw powder or injection preparation also has a certain therapeutic effect on the disease, which can be selected.