Talking about the cultivation and management of field snail

Field snail is a traditional aquatic product in China, its meat is fresh, tender and delicious, rich in a variety of nutrients, and is very popular. Especially in recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the market demand of snails is also increasing.

Talking about the cultivation and management of field snail

First, the living habits of field snails are gastropod molluscs, the common ones are Chinese round field snail, square ring snail and so on. Tian Luoxi lives in the waters where the winter is warm and the summer is cool, the sediment is soft, the bait is rich, and the water quality is fresh, especially where there is micro-running water. Field snails have miscellaneous feeding habits, feed on tender stems and leaves of aquatic plants, bacteria and organic detritus, and like to be nocturnal and feed. The snail begins to move and feed at a water temperature of about 15 ℃, and the optimum temperature for growth is 20 ℃ ~ 27 ℃. When the temperature is more than 30 ℃, the snail will shrink into the shell to stop feeding, gather in the shade or dive into the soil to avoid the heat. If the water temperature exceeds 40 ℃, it will die, and if it is below 8 ℃, it will hibernate in the mud cave. The water temperature will rise to about 15 ℃ in the first spring of next year before returning to the cave and feeding.

Second, reproductive characteristics of field snails are dioecious, generally female snails are large and round, while male snails are small and long. The shape is mainly distinguished from the antennae of the head: the left and right antennae of the female snail are of the same size and extend forward; the right antennae of the male snail are short and thick, and the end is curved to the right. Field snails are more female than male, and female snails account for 75% and 80% of the population. Breeding begins in April every year, and the peak growing season is from June to August. The field snail is oviparous, and the embryonic development of the fertilized egg to the development of the larva is carried out in the female snail. The number of litters is related to the age of snails and environmental conditions. Generally, each litter can give birth to 20 ~ 40 litters.

III. Artificial breeding

1. The construction of snail pond should choose the place with sufficient water source, convenient management, running water and no pollution to build special snail pond. The pool is about 1.5 meters wide. The length of the pool can be determined according to the topography, generally 10 ~ 15 meters. The depth of the pool is 30 cm ~ 50 cm. It is best for several screw ponds to be built in rows and levels, with water inlets and outlets at opposite ends of the pool, and anti-escape barriers installed. A 20 cm high dike is built between the two pools to facilitate walking, and the bottom of the pool is covered with 10 cm thick mud. Zizania caduciflora, asparagus or aquatic plants such as water lotus and duckweed can be sparsely planted in the pond, which can not only provide shade, summer shelter, climbing habitat and bait for snails, but also improve the utilization rate and income of snail ponds. Build a 60 cm ~ 80 cm high wall or fence with mesh around the snail pool.

2. Snail release and management can be released one after another since late March. Snails can be purchased from the market or collected by themselves. There are 100 ~ 120 snails per square meter, and 4 summer flower bighead carps can also be raised in the pond. Before planting snails, appropriate amount of manure should be applied in the pond to cultivate bait organisms. Feed the leftovers such as vegetable leaves, rice bran, bean cake, vegetable cake and animal offal after releasing the snail. Soak and soften the cakes and feed them. Chop up and mix well with other fodder. The feeding amount is generally calculated according to 1% ~ 3% of the total weight of the field snail, once every two or three days, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the growth and feeding situation of the field snail. Feeding does not need to be located, and more feeding points should be set up. No feeding is needed when the water temperature is lower than 15 ℃ or higher than 30 ℃.

The disease of field snail is less, and the focus of daily management is to manage water and prevent ducks, cats, snakes, rats and birds from entering the pond to prey on field snails. Snails should be cultured in shallow water and micro-flowing water, and the pool water depth should be 25 cm ~ 30 cm. It is more important to keep the pool water flowing in the breeding season and high temperature period. When hibernating, Tian snail will dive into the mud hole and leave a round hole in the mud surface to breathe. In order to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water, change the pool water every three or four days.

3. When the snail grows to more than 10 grams, its meat is tender and fat, which is most popular in the market and can be picked and listed in batches. When collecting and catching, drain the water from the pond and pick it up directly in the pond, and pay attention to the selection of about 60% of the large individual snails as species.

Prospect of field snail culture

Snail meat is a kind of nutritious natural health food, and it is also known as beauty food abroad. It contains 10.3% protein and 1.2% fat, as well as vitamins, calcium, iron and other essential elements. The nutrition of field snail meat is better than that of chickens, ducks, geese and pigs, and is no less than that of crucian carp and sea cucumbers. Snail meat can nourish kidney yin, clear eyes and clear brain, enhance muscle elasticity, delicate skin and so on.

Field snail can be used as home meat, can also be processed into a series of food, cooking a variety of medicinal meals, disease prevention and treatment. At present, the natural growth of field snail is far from being able to meet the market demand, and the field snail culture grows fast, the yield is high, and there is a wide range of ways to cultivate field snail "money".

The method of selecting field snails

When buying field snails, choose ones that are large, round and have a thin shell. The mask of the snail needs to shrink completely, the shell of the snail is light cyan, there is no overflow of meat and juice, and the single net weight is larger. Field snails are also divided into male and female. The meat of the female snail is more delicious than that of the male snail because of its nutritional savings. Select the female field snail, you can observe its antennae, the female's left and right antennae are the same size and extend forward; the male's right antennae are thick and short, and the ends are curved to the right. When selecting, we should also pay attention to the selection of live fresh snails. When selecting, you can gently press your finger on the mask, the elastic one is the live snail, otherwise it is the dead snail.

The most common cooking method of field snail is fried field snail with perilla leaf. It is said that this practice was first unwittingly discovered by Li Xisu, a farmer in Pantang, Guangzhou. As the cooking methods become more and more colorful, the cooking of field snails is more than just fried field snails with perilla leaves.

Economic benefits of field snail culture

1. It is beneficial to raise young snails in that year. 60, 000 field snail seedlings were released 7-15 days after early rice transplanting, and by the time the late rice was harvested, it had reached the specification for sale. According to the survival rate of 90%, there were 54000 snails, with an average weight of 10 grams each, with a total of 540kg. The price of complete ecological farming is 6 yuan per kilogram, with a total income of 3240 yuan.

2. Rice production increased by 10% in 667 square meters, 160 kg in the whole year, and 70% in pesticides and chemical fertilizers. 667 square meters increased income and reduced expenditure by 150 yuan. The total income is 3390 yuan. two。 Expenditure for the year: 973 yuan. There is a balance between income and expenditure, making a profit of 2417 yuan. In the first year, 1100 large snails were released and kept in fish ditches and fish pits as snails in the second year. If we carry out self-propagation and self-cultivation, we can save the money of planting seedlings and get higher income.

From the above analysis, we know that field snail is actually a project with low investment cost and high return, so many people choose to cultivate field snail in rural areas, but the editor needs to remind you that any breeding does not necessarily make money, it is necessary to analyze and think calmly before breeding.