Culture techniques of pangolin

Pangolin family, one of the special medicinal animals in China, has been listed as a national second-class protected animal. In recent years, due to a large number of wild pangolin hunting, the wild resources have been greatly destroyed. In order to protect the wild resources of pangolin and make full use of its medicinal and economic value, artificial breeding and feeding of pangolin have been carried out in many places of our country, and achieved success.

Medicinal value of pangolin

Pangolin is one of the special medicinal animals in China, which has high medicinal value. Its scales and flesh can be used as medicine. Its medicinal part is mainly its scale nail, the medicinal material is called pangolin, which is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine; the meat of pangolin is also used as medicine, and the medicinal material is mud carp. Pangolin slightly cold, salty, with the elimination of ulcerative carbuncle, search wind and activate collaterals, open the breast under the menstruation, detumescence and pain and other effects. The main treatment of sore carbuncle swelling toxin, wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, menstruation, milk blockage, external use to stop bleeding and relieve pain. Mud carp is warm and tastes sweet and astringent, and has the functions of killing insects, promoting blood circulation, attacking fortifications and dispersing blood stasis. Main treatment of arthralgia, amenorrhea, marijuana and so on.

Artificial culture technology of pangolin

Artificially cultured pangolins can be purchased directly from special breeding units for pangolin, or after approval from relevant departments, they can be caught and cultured in the wild.

1. Farm requirements

The farm should be warm in winter and cool in summer, and the temperature should be 16 ℃ ~ 32 ℃. In the summer high temperature season, pay attention to shading and cooling, and keep warm in time in winter. According to the situation, culture methods such as pool type, closed type, cave type and wooden box type can be selected.

① pond aquaculture in the courtyard quiet place to build a number of 20~40m2, high-50cm brick or stone ponds, rectangular or square shape, the bottom and walls of the pool are covered with cement to make it strong and smooth to prevent pangolins from escaping. Several pangolin caves are built with stones in the pool, and a large amount of soil is piled on it, each separate from each other. There is a 5~10m2 activity place in the middle of the pool, on which a large amount of soil is accumulated and weeds and small trees are planted to create a good activity place. A large number of trees should be planted around the field to shade the sun. In the summer rainy season, there should be something to cover the rain, and leave a special drainage channel to prevent Rain Water from soaking the cave.

② enclosed farming consists of indoor 2~4m2 huts and outdoor 4~6m2 activity areas. Both indoor and outdoor are cement floors, and there are caves for pangolins to live in. There are walls or barbed wire around the activity field, and the top of the cage is closed with barbed wire. Each cage can raise 2-4 pangolins.

③ underground cave culture area can be 20~50m2, surrounded by walls, wall hard and smooth, wall height of about 2m, sandy soil ground, man-made caves, with rockery, grass and other natural living environment. You can keep more than 10 pangolins.

④ wooden box cage to make a rectangular wooden box, the size of the wooden box should be more than 2 times the body length of the pangolin, divided into internal and external, connected by a round hole for animals to go in and out freely and rest.

2. Methods of reproduction

Pangolin can reproduce all the year round and enter the oestrus mating period from April to May every year. After the beginning of summer, is the most exciting part of the season of estrus, estrus female and male cohabitation, after mating separate. The period of delivery is December or January, with 1 to 2 offspring each, and the offspring are reared by females in fixed caves. The newborn baby weighs about 100 grams, with closed eyes, no phosphorus, light color, and is reared by breast milk. After about 15 days, I began to open my eyes, and at this time the weight reached about 200 grams. At the age of 1 month, the scales begin to become keratinized and turn dark brown; at the age of 2 months, they can weigh more than 1 kilogram and can go out to find food with the mother and lie down on the back of the mother; at the age of 6 months, the weight can reach 1.5 to 2 kilograms and begin to live independently without the mother. During the feeding period, the female can mate again and conceive and continue to give birth, usually giving birth to 2 babies a year.

3. Feed preparation

The natural bait of pangolin is termites, but under the condition of artificial feeding, capturing termites is not only troublesome, but also the cost is high, so it is difficult to meet its growth needs. therefore, in the process of breeding, we should use a large number of artificial earthworms, fly maggots, yellow powder insects, slugs and so on as natural bait. These natural baits are generally buried near caves or in the inland soil of activity sites, and a few of them are distributed in caves. According to their digging habits, they will take the initiative to feed.

In addition to artificial feeding of natural bait, artificial ingredients are often used for feeding. Pangolin is a carnivorous insectivorous animal, artificial diet should be mainly animal ingredients, while vitamins, minerals and other feed additives should be added to promote its normal growth and development. The commonly used ingredients are: ① silkworm pupa powder 50%, blood powder 15%, cooked eggs 5%, milk powder 5%, yeast powder 5%, wheat flour 10%, soybean powder 10%, multivitamins 0.05%, minerals 0.01%. ② silkworm pupa powder 50%, cooked eggs 5%, milk powder 5%, dry yeast 10%, planting soil 25%, dried sophora leaf powder 5%, multivitamin 0.02%, auxin 0.05%.

When preparing artificial bait, the above ingredients should be crushed, stirred evenly according to proportion, and then 40% 50% water is added, adjusted into a ball or paste, and placed in a small platter in a feeding pond for its consumption.

4. Food training

Since pangolins do not take the initiative to ingest artificial formula feed, training must be carried out before artificial feeding. The specific method is not to supply water to the pangolin in the feeding pond, but to add more water to the artificial formula feed to make it a dilute form, or twist the fish into a paste, so that because it is not resistant to thirst, it will take the initiative to lick the bait in the feed basin when it is thirsty. gradually began to take the initiative to eat. If the food inducement does not work, after 3-4 days, artificial forced feeding is needed to promote the normal digestion of the stomach and intestines and arouse the appetite and eat.

The general artificial feeding formula is: 2.5 grams of hydrolyzed protein, 4 grams of glucose, 2 tablets of yeast, 11 tablets of vitamin B11, 1 ml of pepsin and 10 ml of water. Inhale with plastic eye drops bottle when feeding, the pangolin with a general weight of 1.2-2.5 kg is infused with 4-8 milliliters a day, once a day, mostly in the afternoon. During the feeding, the two worked together, one grabbed the pangolin, the other inserted the bottle into its mouth and gradually squeezed the bottle as the pangolin swallowed. After feeding, put it into the pool to continue artificial bait bait trapping training until automatic feeding.

5. Daily management

When raising pangolins, the farm must be kept clean and quiet. To often clean the feces in the culture pond, generally every 2-3 months to replace the soil of the activity place, regularly disinfect the breeding place; at the same time, pay attention to the occurrence of gastroenteritis and pneumonia.

Collection and processing of pangolin

1. Collection

Adult pangolins are killed first, remove meat, bones, and internal organs, peel off the whole leather armour, put the leather armour into an aluminum pot, add water and alkali to boil, in which the amount of water is 5-7 kg per kilogram of leather nail, the amount of edible alkali is 0.2%, boil until the leather nail is completely removed, wash it with clean water, and select the nail tablets to dry.

2. Processing method

① vinegar mountain beetles first separate according to the size of the scales, heat the fine sand in the pot until smooth and easy to flip, then pour in the scales to stir-fry with the sand, stir-fry until the scales bubble and bulge, the edges curl inward, the surface can be taken out, sift out the sand, put it into vinegar while hot and stir evenly, take out the sun-dried, that is, the processed Chinese herbal medicine "beads", also known as vinegar mountain beads.

The suitable sand temperature of ② sand scalding pangolin is 200 ℃ and 220 ℃. When the sand temperature is lower than 200 ℃, the pangolin will not be foamed and curled, and when it is higher than 220 ℃, it is easy to coking.

As the temperature is difficult to control, it can be baked in a constant temperature electric oven if possible. Take pangolin to remove impurities, separate according to size, put into enamel plate, place in oven at a constant temperature of 200℃ ~ 220℃, bake for 3 to 4 minutes, all foaming and curling, golden brown, quickly take out, cool, set aside. The first method of baking can improve the efficiency. Sand hot pangolin can only be fried about 100 grams per pot, the amount of medicine is not easy to stir-fry, the medicine is heated unevenly, some of the drugs are coked, some of them are not foamed and curled, and there are "raw tablets"; while processed by the baking method, each enamel plate can hold about 100 grams of medicine. 10 to 12 enamel plates can be put into the oven at a time, which can improve the work efficiency by more than 10 times. Second, it can improve the quality of prepared slices. During sand scalding, the firepower is not easy to master, which affects the quality of prepared slices, and the baking temperature and baking time are easy to control, so that the medicine is heated evenly.

Pangolins are still quite common in China, but with more and more people's understanding of pangolins, the demand for pangolins is increasing, resulting in fewer and fewer wild pangolins, so in order to protect wild pangolins, many people take a fancy to the market for breeding pangolins.