Experience of feed matching in breeding hedgehog

The main results are as follows: 1) the energy feed and energy in the diet are the first problems that must be considered in the process of feeding hedgehogs, because the energy composition is the most important nutrients in feed and hedgehog needs. And the three major substances in feed: carbohydrates, protein and fat all contain energy, but the contents are different. Therefore, feed quality can be measured by a unified, general and scientific measurement unit, that is, energy unit, as the standard of feed quality.

The energy of the diet refers to the available energy contained in the diet, which is measured in joules (J). The level of the diet is the amount of energy contained in 1 kg of feed, that is, the energy concentration of the diet. A high-energy diet is a diet with a lot of energy available. The energy source of the diet depends on the raw materials that make up the diet, such as corn, wheat bran, meal, etc.

2) factors affecting feed energy

1 dry matter content the energy value of feed is based on a certain amount of dry matter, and if the amount of dry matter does not accord with the composition table of feed raw materials, the energy value is also different. Therefore, the dry matter content of feed raw materials should be taken into account when calculating the energy value.

(2) some feed raw materials with impurity proportion contain sand, dust and other foreign bodies, and the contents of energy and nutrients are relatively reduced.

(3) the quality of feed with the same name varies greatly due to different producing areas, varieties, harvest conditions and processing conditions. For example, there is a certain difference in energy content between full corn and crumpled corn, fresh corn and old corn, corn from the Northeast and corn from the Central Plains.

3) the nutritional balance hedgehog based on energy is the same as other animals, the feed intake is adjusted scientifically by dietary energy concentration, the feed intake is low when the dietary metabolic energy level is high, and the feed intake is higher when the dietary metabolic energy level is low. The balance of various nutrients can be based on the energy level and maintain a certain proportion with energy. The appropriate proportion of energy among various nutrients can meet the nutritional needs of animals. This nutritionally balanced diet is called balanced diet. The ratio of energy to protein, called the ratio of protein to energy, is the most basic balance of dietary nutrients. Because the protein-energy ratio is a fixed ratio, a balanced diet with an appropriate protein content (%) can be obtained. The protein-energy ratio is the ratio of protein content (g) to energy (megajoule) in 1 kg feed.

For example, if 1 kg feed contains 180 grams (18%) of protein and 12 megajoules of metabolic energy, the protein-energy ratio is 180 × 12: 15. The value of the ratio of protein to energy is multiplied by the level of metabolic energy (megajoule / kg feed), that is, the content of protein in kg feed is 15 × 12 × 180 g, so protein accounts for 18% of the diet. If the metabolic level in the diet is 11 MJ / kg, the protein content should be 16.5%. It is estimated that if the level of metabolic energy in the diet is 10 megajoules, the protein content should be 15%. The ratio of amino acid to energy is the ratio of amino acid content (g) to metabolic energy (megajoule) in 1 kg feed. Calcium and phosphorus requirements should also be based on energy levels to prepare appropriate diets.

4) formulation of dietary formula

The nutrition of the nutritious feed formula is to accurately balance the relationship between various nutrients and adjust the proportion of all kinds of feed in order to make the feed give full play to its potential and have a relatively high actual feeding effect.

(2) the feed raw materials selected in the safe diet formula must be safe and reliable, and toxic feed, such as cottonseed cake and rapeseed cake, should not be used.

(3) the cost of economic feed should account for 60%-80% of the total cost of breeding, and the improvement of breeding efficiency should start from reducing the cost of feed. Therefore, the selection of dietary raw materials should be in accordance with local conditions, make full use of local feed resources and reduce feeding costs.

(4) it is necessary to master two aspects of data in the preparation of ration with scientific and rational use of data. First, nutritional requirements, when preparing diets, it is impossible to meet all nutritional requirements, only the amount of feed intake, energy, protein, crude fiber, calcium and phosphorus need to be considered. Second, the content of feed nutrition composition, any feed composition is not constant, and it often changes due to factors such as origin, variety, harvest season, processing method, analysis and determination error, so when using feed nutrition composition table, generally, the average plus or minus standard deviation should be used as the representative data of feed nutrients according to the actual situation.