Construction of Xiang Pig Farm

Xiang Pig (English: fragrance pig), Artiodactyla, Pig Family, Pig Genus, is famous for its small, precocious body and fresh meat taste. Xiang Pig, also known as "Mini Pig", is most famous for Congjiang Xiang Pig and Jianbai Xiang Pig from the "hometown of fragrant Pig in China" awarded by the State Agriculture Department in Southeast Guizhou, and Bama Xiang Pig in Guangxi near Southeast Guizhou. In addition, there are Huanjiang Xiang Pig, Tibetan Xiang Pig and other breeds, all of which are dwarf pigs. Xiang pig has a short physique. Its coat is black, the hair is glossy, the head is long, the forehead is flat, the forehead wrinkles are vertical and horizontal, the hairless area around the eyes is obvious, the ears are thin and extended to both sides, the waist is slightly concave, the abdomen is round and drooping, the four feet are short and thin, the tail is small, and the tail end hair is white. The average body weight of 6-month-old boars is 14.2 kg, body length 65 cm, body height 33 cm, chest circumference 55 cm; 8-month-old sows weight 30 kg, body length 70 cm, body height 47 cm, chest circumference 73 cm. The slaughtering rate of fattening Xiang pig is 63.6%, and the lean meat rate is 52.2%.

Design and Architecture of Xiang Pig House

On the basis of the technological process, the design and construction of the fragrant pig house should consider the regional differences, and the emphasis of the design and construction of the fragrant pig house in different areas is different. for example, the north of the Yellow River should focus on cold protection, moisture and dehumidification, while the south of the Yellow River should focus on moistureproof, heat insulation, heat protection and cooling.

(1) the architectural form of the fragrant pig house

① single row fragrant pig house. The single-row fragrant pig house is suitable for small-scale rural or small farms, which is characterized by low investment, good ventilation, convenient maintenance and simple structure. The disadvantage is that labor is inefficient. According to its architectural form, it can be divided into open type and semi-open type.

Open type: the open type pig house is composed of gables, back walls, roofs and pillars on both sides, which is characterized by low investment and simple structure, while its deficiency is greatly affected by natural conditions. According to its architectural form, open type can be divided into single slope type and double slope type.

Semi-open type: in addition to the gables, back walls and roofs on both sides of the semi-open pig house, the front wall is mostly a half-section wall about 1 meter high. In the north, in order to prevent the cold, some are equipped with glass windows, while in the south, wind curtains are generally hung. The architectural form of semi-open fragrant pig house is not only single-slope type and double-slope type, but also bell tower type and arch type.

② double row fragrant pig house. Double-row pig house is suitable for large-scale, collective or large-scale farms. Its characteristics are: convenient management, not limited by natural conditions, can effectively control the production environment and improve labor efficiency. The disadvantage is that the investment is relatively large and the structure is more complex. According to its architectural form, it can be divided into window enclosed fragrant pig house and fully enclosed fragrant pig house.

There is a window enclosed pig house: the so-called window enclosed pig house is to leave windows on the front and rear walls to regulate indoor air and ventilation. It is suitable for lactating sows, weaning pigs and growing and fattening pigs.

Its characteristics are: convenient management, good thermal insulation performance, enclosure utilization rate of fully enclosed pig house: the so-called fully enclosed pig house means that there are no windows on the front and rear walls, ventilation vents are installed on the walls of the two mountains, and ventilation fans are installed on the vents. At the same time, the house is also equipped with heating, cooling, sewage and other mechanical equipment to create a good living environment for the growth of fragrant pigs. The deficiency is that the investment is large, the structure is complex, and sufficient power supply is needed.

(2) the heat preservation and thermal insulation performance of the fragrant pig house mainly depends on the building materials and the building structure of the fragrant pig house. The feeding method of single-row fragrant pig house should be adopted especially in the north of our country, and the form of solar greenhouse can be adopted in winter, which is economical, practical and has good heat preservation performance.

① solar greenhouse fragrant pig house. The solar greenhouse fragrant pig house is mainly aimed at the single-row fragrant pig house, the part of the sports ground exposed outside the house. In winter, especially in the northern region, the cold climate affects the normal growth and reproduction of Xiang pigs, so it is covered with plastic film, so as to increase the temperature in the house and achieve the purpose of warming. The general coverage area is the roof from the front fence wall to the front wall of the back house.

② summer insulated pig house. The heat source in summer comes from the thermal radiation of the sun. The main measure of thermal insulation is the treatment of the roof, such as filling the roof with a layer of glass fiber or other light-weight thermal insulation materials such as wheat orange, shredded straw, sawdust and so on. At the same time, hoisting the ceiling in the house to add air insulation layer can also play a better effect.

3. Internal equipment of the fragrant pig house

The main results are as follows: (1) the fragrant pig pen, except through the pen, needs to set up a partition in the general fragrant pig house, and the materials needed for the partition can be used locally according to the local conditions. reduce production costs. The enclosure between male and fat pigs should be in the form of low walls to avoid interference with each other. For other barriers used by Xiang pigs, the mediastinum fence should be fixed fence type, and the diaphragm fence can be used as a movable fence type, so that the area of the fence can be adjusted. According to the needs of production, it can be raised not only in single circle, but also in groups. Large-scale farms, in order to facilitate the management of Xiang pigs, there are public Xiang pig pen, empty breeding Xiang pig pen, pregnant mother Xiang pig pen, delivery mother Xiang pig pen, baby Xiang pig care pen and growth and fattening Xiang pig pen and so on.

① male Xiang pig and Konghuai breed Xiang pig pen. The configuration of this kind of pig pen should be considered to be beneficial to the breeding of fragrant pigs and the full utilization of fragrant pig houses. Generally, it is a single-row fragrant pig house, which can be divided into two rows, with a breeding area in the middle, which is characterized by mutual induction of estrus, which is convenient for the discovery and inspection of estrus pigs.

② pregnant mother fragrant pig pen. There are many forms of pregnant mother Xiang pig pen, and there are a variety of breeding methods, there are many Xiang pigs (2-5) to raise a column. There is also a single column of one Xiang pig. One column feeding of pregnant sows alone can avoid each other's bickering, crushing and competition for food, reduce the abortion of pregnant sows and improve the survival rate of litter. The pig pen is made of steel pipe or wood, its disadvantage is that it consumes a lot of materials, the construction investment is large, the activity of the sow is limited, the amount of exercise is small, it is easy to produce leg and hoof disease, and it will also shorten the service life of the sow.

③ delivery mother fragrant pig pen. The delivery column is divided into two parts: the birth rack and the birth bed, which is installed on the birth bed, which is 1 meter long, 0.3 meters wide and 0. 5 meters high. Five meters. The birth bed is 1 meter long, 0.8 meters wide and 0.2 meters high from the ground. The available mesh at the bottom of the delivery bed is 0. 5 square centimeters of steel wire knitted. The middle part of the delivery column is the restricted area of sows, and both sides are the activity areas of young Xiang pigs. The front end of the restricted area is provided with a sow eating trough and a drinking fountain, and the tail end should be equipped with a horizontal bar to prevent the sow from retreating. At the same time, the activity area of young Xiang pigs should also be equipped with heat preservation devices, such as incubators, infrared lights, electric floors and other measures, as well as feed troughs and drinking fountains.

④ Xiang Pig Pavilion. The physiological functions of newly weaned Xiang pigs are not perfect, their adaptability is poor, and they are in an exuberant stage of growth and development, so they still need a period of conservation to provide them with a clean and warm environment. The nursery bar generally uses the steel bar welding mesh bed. The nursery fence is generally 1 meter long and 0.8 meters wide, with an area of about 0.8 square meters, and the bottom mesh is generally 0.5 square centimeters. Such an enclosure can raise about 10 weaned Xiang pigs. Install the trough and drinking fountain before and after.

⑤ grows and fattens fragrant pig pens. The construction forms of growing and fattening pig pens are various, including aluminum alloy partition with relatively large investment, cement floor combined with metal leakage floor, metal partition with convenient maintenance and disinfection, cement floor with water leakage seam floor, cement partition with less investment but inconvenient maintenance, and cement floor with cement leakage seam. There are great differences between different regions, especially between the north and the south, and the scale of breeding is also different. according to the local situation, we can choose a suitable breeding model according to the principle of spending less money, doing more and doing good deeds.