What are the diseases of laying ducks and how to prevent them?

The key to egg duck breeding lies in the prevention and treatment of egg duck diseases, so the majority of egg duck farmers must find out what are the diseases of egg ducks. Only by mastering the characteristics and treatment of some of its diseases, and usually prescribing the right medicine to the case in the process of breeding, can its yield be increased.

What are the diseases of laying ducks?

I. Duck flu

1. Symptoms. Acute septic type: sudden onset and sudden death. The course of the disease was slightly longer, with drooping head and neck, deep lethargy, loose feathers, elevated body temperature, loss of appetite or abstinence, only drinking water, white or yellowish water like thin feces, weak legs. The egg production of laying ducks decreased rapidly within a few days after infection, or even stopped; acute respiratory type: head or face subcutaneous edema, tears, watery dysentery, high morbidity, low mortality, egg laying rate and hatching rate decreased significantly.

2. Prevention and cure. To do a good job of immunization, the first immunity is generally carried out at the age of 15-20 days, the second immunity after 2 months, and another immunity before laying eggs, which can control the epidemic occurrence of the disease.

Once the disease occurs, we should immediately close the epidemic area, eliminate diseased birds, do harmless treatment, thoroughly disinfect the site and appliances, and protect the uninfected ducks by emergency inoculation with antiserum or yolk antibody.

2. Duck plague (commonly known as "big head plague")

1. Symptoms. At the beginning of the disease, the body temperature suddenly rose to 43-44 ℃, the sick duck was in low spirits, necked anorexia, increased thirst, and weakness of both limbs. Sick ducks do not want to go into the water, weeping around their eyes, and some with purulent secretions. Nasal discharge of serous secretions, dyspnea, often accompanied by wet rales. The head and neck of some diseased ducks are swollen, forming "big-headed ducks". Diseased ducks excrete thin green or gray feces. In severe cases, the sick ducks died within 2 to 3 days, usually no more than 10 days, and the whole epidemic process lasted for 2 to 6 weeks.

2. Prevention and cure. As soon as the disease was found, it was immediately isolated and the ducks and venues were thoroughly disinfected. Anti-duck plague hyperimmune serum was used for early treatment. 0.5 ml of anti-duck plague serum was injected intramuscularly, and agglomerated cells (a kind of endogenous interferon) were also used. Each adult duck was injected with 1 ml intramuscularly once every 3 days for 3 times.

III. Duck viral hepatitis

1. Symptoms. The incubation period was 1-4 days. Some ducklings often die suddenly without any symptoms, affecting the whole population a few hours later. The sick duck is lethargic, sleepy, and has no appetite. In some cases, diarrhea occurs, followed by neurological symptoms, uncoordinated movement, body tilting to one side, head leaning back, back landing, squatting in circles, spasmodic kicking on both feet, and angular bow reverse posture. Also known as "back neck disease".

2. Prevention and cure. Specific high immune serum or high immune yolk liquid can be used to treat and prevent the disease. Once the disease is found, antiserum is injected immediately, and 0.5 ml of each duckling is injected intramuscularly, which can stop the spread of the disease and reduce death, with a protection rate of 90% to 100%. Each female duck was immunized twice with attenuated or inactivated duck viral hepatitis vaccine, 1 ml each time, with an interval of 14 days. The ducklings hatched from the eggs laid by the immunized mother ducks can be kept free from the disease for 2 to 3 weeks because of passive immunization.

IV. Duck Cholera

1. Symptoms. The main characteristics of diseased ducks are green and thin feces, small bleeding spots on the serosa and grayish-yellow punctate necrotic spots on the liver. The disease has an acute onset and a quick death.

2. Prevention and cure. At present, there are two kinds of avian cholera vaccines produced in China: one is attenuated vaccine, and the other is oil emulsion inactivated vaccine, which can be vaccinated regularly. Intramuscular injection and bait feeding are often used in the treatment. 800000 IU penicillin sodium salt, diluted with compound aminopyrine solution, 10 ~ 20 000 IU per duck was injected intramuscularly, once a day for 2 consecutive days, while oxytetracycline 40 grams per 50 kg feed was added for 5 days for 7 days, or in the case of secondary infection with gram-negative bacteria, penicillin sodium salt, 800000 IU per bottle, streptomycin 1 million IU, dissolved in normal saline, 40 ducks were treated. Each animal should be injected 0.5 × 1ml intramuscularly, once a day for 2 consecutive days, and oxytetracycline was given for 5 days at the same time.

Duck colibacillosis

1. Symptoms. After the newly hatched ducklings get sick, they are weak, close their eyes and shrink their necks, have a large abdominal circumference, often have dysentery and die of septicemia. The larger ducklings show lethargy, loss of appetite, lethargy, viscous secretions in both eyes and nostrils, gray-green thin feces, wheezing, weakness, and often die of septicemia and dehydration. Sick ducks, the performance of lying, do not want to move, standing, you can see the abdomen dilated prolapse, showing a penguin-shaped, hands touch a sense of liquid waves, puncture ascites outflow.

2. Prevention and cure. Prevention: pay attention to the disinfection of tools and equipment, disinfect the duck house regularly, add antibiotics to drinking water and feed regularly; treatment: antibiotics have curative effect on this disease. As the general intestinal bacteria are easy to produce drug resistance, so it is necessary to do drug sensitivity test, select sensitive drugs. Such as feeding norfloxacin with 0.01% mixture for 3 days.

VI. Coccidiosis

1. Symptoms. Coccidiosis is an acute disease that seriously harms ducks, which is characterized by fecal blood. The incidence is high, the growth is hindered and the weight gain is slow. Most of the acute cases occurred in ducklings, especially 2-3-week-old ducks. Usually 3 days after infection, there is a fear of cold, necking, do not eat, thirsty, like lying and other symptoms, discharge dark red or dark purple blood stool, often acute death.

(2) Prevention and treatment. It is necessary to prevent insects from entering the duck house and kill the vectors around the duck house. Drug prophylaxis can be fed with sulfadimethoxine 25mg / kg or compound dimethoxine 200mg / kg. The treatment can choose sulfamethoxine 500 mg / L drinking water for 3 days for 7 days, and then use 300 mg / L drinking water for 2 days; sulfamethoxine 400 mg / kg and chloramphenicol 4 mg / kg mixture for 1 week, switch to preventive dose; compound Dianjing 200 mg / kg mixture, in order to prevent drug poisoning, first use 5 days, stop the drug for 2 days, and then use again. Pay attention to timely change of drugs so as not to cause drug resistance.

Four Tips for Disease Prevention and treatment of Egg Duck

1. Look at the body weight: the laying rate of ducks is more than 80%, while ducks tend to lose weight slightly, so they should be fed animal feed appropriately; when ducks gain weight, their bodies also have a tendency to get fat, but when the laying rate is still 80%, roughage and green feed can be fed appropriately, or ducks should not be allowed to eat too much concentrate by controlling their feed intake, but animal protein feed should be maintained at the original level or slightly increased. The body weight is normal, the egg laying rate is also high, and the protein level in the feed is slightly higher than that in the previous stage; when the egg laying rate is reduced to 60%, and it is difficult to pick up, there is no need to feed.

2. Look at the feces: if the feces of ducks are thick, soft, striped and shiny, they can be divided into several sections after tapping with their feet, indicating that the mix of fine, coarse and green materials is reasonable; the feces are small and sturdy, the color is black, and the cross section is granular after dialing, indicating that the amount of fine feed is too large, the amount of green feed is less, and the digestion and absorption is abnormal, so the amount of concentrate feed should be reduced and the green feed should be increased. The feces are light and shapeless and spread out as soon as they are discharged, indicating that the concentrate feed is insufficient and the nutrition level is low, so the concentrate should be replenished; the feces are yellowish white or grayish green and have a bad smell, indicating that the duck is sick and should be treated in isolation.

3. Look at egg laying: if the egg shape is abnormal and small, indicating insufficient nutrition, it is necessary to add feed rich in protein, such as bean cake, peanut cake and fish meal, to increase the content of crude protein in the diet to 20%, and appropriately increase the total amount of the diet. The eggshell is thin, transparent, trachoma, rough or soft shell, indicating that the feed quality is not good, especially calcium deficiency or vitamin D deficiency, bone powder, shell powder, lime powder and other minerals and vitamin D-rich feed should be added; if the weight of eggs is reduced, cod liver oil and inorganic salt additives can be added. If the laying time is concentrated at 2: 00 in the morning, it means that the eggs are fed properly, such as postponing laying every day, and the eggs become smaller, it is necessary to increase the feed.

4. Look at the spirit: healthy ducks with high laying rate are energetic, dive for a long time, their feathers are smooth and not wet after landing, and water droplets are splashed when they shake their feathers. If the duck is lethargic, unable to act, afraid to go into the water after release, and the feathers get wet or even sink after launching, which shows that its diet is not nutritious, it should be fed with fresh animal feed, supplement cod liver oil, and mix it in the powder, according to the amount of 1 ml per day for each duck, and stop for 7 days for 3 days as a course of treatment, or 0.5 ml per day for 10 consecutive days.

Brooding techniques of laying ducks

1. Choose healthy chicks: choose ducklings that come out of the shell on time, have a good navel ring, are physically strong, lively and active, have eyes full of spirit, and have no blood stains and scabs fast, and whose size is uniform.

2. Pay attention to releasing water: "releasing water" is also known as "testing water" and "ordering water". Be careful to put water before eating, otherwise it is easy to cause death. The time of releasing water is before eating on the second day. The method of water discharge is sunny day, the temperature is above 14 ℃, and water can be discharged directly in cold water. If it rains, you can discharge water in the duck house, use a basin to hold shallow water and soak it all over the instep. The duck can be put into the water freely after 2 days.

3. Start eating at the right time: the first feeding is the first time. Be careful not to feed within 24 hours to absorb the yolk in the abdomen. After putting in water, you can mix rice with 10% chopped bitter cabbage and start eating.

4. Feeding times: 1-7 days, 6 times a day, 4 times during the day, 2 times at night. 7: 21 days, 5 times a day. 21-28 days, the number can be further reduced. When feeding, it should be divided into groups, 250 birds per group. The feeding principle is from fine to coarse, from cooked to raw, from soft to hard, from less to more, to achieve quantitative, quantitative, qualitative, less food and more feeding, so as to avoid waste.

5. Open meat as soon as possible: feed animal feed as soon as possible. As the saying goes, "geese should be green, ducks should be fishy". On the third day, 10%-20% animal feed can be given to snails, small fish and shrimps, earthworms, silkworm pupae, mussels and so on. Animal feed should be fresh and clean, chopped and chopped. It can also be fed with formula feed containing fish meal.

6, heat preservation and anti-pressure: the temperature of ducklings must be maintained evenly, according to the mental state of ducklings combined with the change of external temperature. The general temperature requirements are 32 ℃ on the first day, 31 ℃ on the 2nd day, 28 ℃ on the 14th day, and 25 ℃ on the 15th day. We should pay special attention to the heat preservation work in cloudy, rainy days and at night, and at the same time pay attention to smooth air, dry and no thief wind, so as to prevent suffocation and freezing to death.

7. Reasonable grouping: no more than 300 ducklings per flock, 25 ducklings / rice in 7 days, 25 ducklings / rice in 14 days, and 20 ducklings / rice in 15 days. According to the above requirements, timely clustering, strengthen cluster management.

Egg ducks are now raised by many people in rural areas, and the profits of egg ducks are very considerable, but breeding egg ducks should not only pay attention to its egg production, but also pay more attention to the prevention of its diseases and give timely treatment according to its symptoms.