How to raise abalone at sea? What are your requirements?

Abalone is known as the soft gold of marine life, which is delicious, delicate and delicious, rich in nutrition, and has important economic value. At present, abalone culture methods include bottom sowing culture, raft cage culture, factory culture and tunnel culture and so on. In 2003, the author explored the technology of marine lifting and culture of abalone in the Gangyu sea area of Lianjiang River, and achieved good economic benefits.

Seedling selection, transportation and stocking

1. Seedling selection

Select the healthy seedlings cultivated locally and quarantined, the shell length of abalone seedlings should be larger than 1.5cm, complete shape, full shape, no deformity, strong vitality and strong adsorption.

two。 Seedling transportation

The abalone seedlings were transported by dry transportation method. 500 abalone seedlings were packed in each net bag and placed in a human foam incubator and transported to the culture area by car and ship. The general transport survival rate is more than 99%.

3. Seedling stocking

Know the weather in advance before releasing seedlings to avoid strong winds, torrential rains and hot weather. When releasing seedlings, pay attention to the changes of temperature and salinity in seedling ponds and culture areas, and control the temperature difference and salinity difference within 2 ℃ and 2 ‰ respectively. The seedling density is 100ind / layer (shell length 1.5cm). The aquifer of Baolong is controlled in 3m~5m.

Culture management

1. Feed feeding

The feed is mainly fresh kelp and dried kelp, salted kelp and flake feed. In the process of culture, the types of bait were selected according to the season, fresh kelp was fed from April to June (before the Dragon Boat Festival), salted kelp was fed from July to September, supplemented by natural algae such as Ulva Lactuca and Gracilaria or flaky artificial feed, and Laver or salted kelp was fed from October to March of the following year. The amount of fresh bait is 10%-30% of the body weight of abalone, depending on the water temperature and the feeding status of abalone, appropriate less in summer high temperature, and more in low water temperature in winter. The bait is usually given once every 2 to 3 days, and the residual bait and silted sludge are removed thoroughly before feeding: less in summer, once in 3 days, and once in 4 days when the water temperature is lower than 12 ℃ in winter.

two。 Culture density

The seedlings were divided at the right time, the water temperature was below 18 ℃ and the shell length was above 3.0cm. The seedlings were sorted twice a year, in late autumn and early spring, and the sorting operation was carried out on the raft. Use sharp-nosed steel pliers to remove oysters, barnacles and other attachments, and classify them according to the individual specifications of abalone, so that the specifications of abalone seedlings in the same layer are neat. The stocking density of abalone seedlings depends on the specification. For abalone with shell length in 2.5cm, 3.0cm, 3.5cm, 5.0cm, 6.0cm and 7.0cm, there are 60, 45, 35, 25, 20 and 15 abalone in each layer, respectively.

3. Daily management

Check the feeding status of abalone, adjust the feeding amount in time, and keep records; regularly check and remove the enemies and foreign bodies around the abalone cage; observe the activity of abalone when feeding, find out the abnormal or dead abalone, find out the cause, and take corresponding measures to deal with it; regularly detect water temperature, salinity, ph, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and other water quality indicators, and make records Always check whether the abalone cage and platform are firm and safe to prevent abalone escape because the small door of the abalone cage is not closed.

4. Disease prevention and cure

Persist in giving priority to prevention. When choosing the aquaculture area, choose the sea area which is far away from pollution, smooth tidal current and good water quality as far as possible; strengthen the aquaculture management: maintain the appropriate aquaculture density.

Requirements for raising abalone at sea:

Culture environment

The breeding area is selected in the Lianjiang Gangyu sea area, where there are no pollution sources, the water quality meets the fishery water quality standards, the tidal current is unobstructed and the transportation is convenient. The physical and chemical factors are as follows: water depth more than 10m, flow 0.5m/s~1.0m/s, water temperature 11 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, salinity 30 ‰ ~ 34 ‰, dissolved oxygen 4mg/l above, ammonia nitrogen ≤ 100mg pound, ph 7.4mg 8.6.

Breeding facilities

The main aquaculture facilities are multi-layer abalone cage and frame. The abalone cage is a plastic box made of dark polyethylene or non-toxic polyvinyl chloride, which is divided into six layers with specifications of 40cm × 30cm × 13cm. The frame is similar to the small net cage frame of marine fish culture, with a specification of 2.5m × 3.6m. Ten frames are one unit (Taiwan). Every three frames are connected to each other by waste tires, and the frame is made of pine wood. 15 foam buoyancy balls with 75kg/ buoyancy are used around each frame.