Conditions and methods of brooding partridges

Partridge (scientific name: Francolinus pintadeanus), also known as Chinese partridge, is a kind of bird, which looks like a chicken and is smaller than a chicken. Its feathers are mostly black and white, especially the eye-shaped white spots on the back and chest and abdomen. Adult partridges are about 30 centimeters long and weigh about 300 grams. Most of them live in grass or bushes in hills and mountains. Male partridges are belligerent and have a special cry, and some people imitate their sound as "Brother can't do it". Partridges feed on grains, beans and insects. Reproduce from March to June and nest in grass or bushes, laying 3 to 6 eggs per litter, often seven or eight, pear-shaped, white or milky white. Partridge meat taste above the pheasant, is the best game. In addition, it can also be used as fighting birds. Distributed in Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. The brooding of partridges is the key, and whether raising partridges is successful or not is the key. So how to practice the brood of partridges? What are the terms and conditions?

What are the ways of raising young partridges:

Pingyu can choose a house with a leeward to the sun as a nursery, preferably a cement floor, which can protect against rats, keep warm, and facilitate cleaning and disinfection, but use sawdust and rice husks as cushions.

The cage can be raised with ordinary chicken cages, with barbed wire of 1x1 cm around and on the top, and 0.5cm barbed wire at the bottom of the cage.

Conditions for partridge brooding:

1. During the period of temperature rearing, the temperature should be adjusted slowly, and the temperature should not rise and fall slowly, and the temperature should not be uneven.

L) the effect of temperature on the development of young partridges: temperature is the key condition for partridge brooding. The body temperature regulation function of the newly hatched partridge is not perfect, at the same time, the body is small, the food intake is less, the digestive function is weak, the heat production is not much, and the surface heat dissipation per unit body weight is large. Therefore, an important feature and key link of partridge brooding period management is the need for higher brooding temperature, and requires a long time to keep warm. After coming out of the shell, the young partridge is given a suitable temperature, which can promote the absorption of egg yolk, collect the navel well, grow healthily, and effectively improve the survival rate. Inappropriate high and low temperatures are the inducement of disease and death of partridges, and even the direct cause of death. Especially within 5 days after the partridge comes out of its shell, it is the "ghost gate" of the chicks. Special attention should be paid to the heat preservation work. If the heat preservation work is neglected, it is easy to make the young partridges sick, or even die, and the mortality rate can reach 50%, or even be wiped out.

2) temperature requirements: the ambient temperature of partridge chicks is 373.36 ℃ at the age of 5 days, and then decreases by 1 ℃ every 4 days, 1 ℃ every 3 days after 10 days of age, 1 ℃ every two days from 3 weeks of age, and 1 ℃ per day from 4 weeks of age until the brooding temperature is the same as the ambient temperature. Or after the brooding temperature drops to 18 ℃, the brooding temperature can be basically removed, and only when the temperature is lower than 18 ℃ on cloudy and rainy days, heat preservation is carried out. The temperature requirements of partridges of each week are shown in Table 12. The time of de-heating is generally 5 weeks. If the weather is good, it can be brought forward in summer and postponed in winter.

3) temperature judgment: whether the temperature is suitable for the physiological needs of young partridges. ① look at the thermometer: net bed or three-dimensional cage brooding, the thermometer should be hung in the bed net or the bottom net above 5 cm. Three-dimensional cages should have thermometers on each floor, and the temperature difference between them is 0. 5%. Within 5 ℃. Thermostat brooding and other ground brooding methods, the thermometer should be 50 centimeters away from the heat source and 5 centimeters above ground. ② see partridges: when the temperature is suitable, the young partridges are lively and active, evenly distributed in the brooding environment such as brooding devices, with good appetite, moderate drinking water, smooth and neat feathers; quietly around the heat source at rest, without squeezing each other, head, neck and legs stretch to rest each other, overlooking several or a dozen partridges head to the center of the heat source into a plum blossom shape. When the temperature is too high, the young partridges open their mouths to breathe, gasp, spread their wings, stay away from the source of heat, depressed spirit, grab water to drink, reduce food intake, dung thinning, easy to suffer from respiratory diseases or cause feather pecking, toe pecking, anus pecking and other bad habits. If the nursery device is narrow, partridges have nowhere to hide, and are prone to heat radiation disease, or even death. If the temperature is too low, the young partridges gather around the heat source, shrink their necks, do not move very much, move slowly, erect their feathers, lose their appetite, and reduce the amount of water they drink; when they rest, they crowd around the heat source and huddle together, and the young partridges in the periphery have to squeeze into the middle, squeezing and pressing, which often injures or kills the partridge.

4) heating tool ① umbrella warmth: that is, nurturing baby umbrella, which is composed of heat source and umbrella. Umbrellas can be made of galvanized thin iron sheet, paper skin board, wood board, hanging type and vertical type, and the heat source generally uses electric heating wire, or special infrared heating tube or infrared light bulb. The function of the umbrella is to distribute the heat source to the warm area, and can reduce the heat emission to the surrounding space. The size of the umbrella can be determined according to the needs. Generally, the diameter of the umbrella is 1-15 meters. Use 1. 6 kilowatt electric heating wire can be used as a heat source to keep 300 and 500 small partridges warm, and lights should be hung in the umbrella to attract young partridges so that they are not far from the warm area. ② Kang Road to keep warm: using the underground flue to raise chicks is to bury the flue into the ground, and the Kang Road is connected with the stove outside the nursery room. Attention should be paid to air convection in the nursery room, not too short and narrow, slow heat dissipation, long heat preservation time and low energy consumption. Heat rises from the ground, and the ground and bedding grass should be warm and dry, which is conducive to partridge lying down and rest, and the incidence of coccidiosis is low. Fuel can be used wood, wood chips, coal, etc., flue design should be reasonable, otherwise it is easy to lead to bedding grass burning and cause fire. ③ infrared light to keep warm: infrared light emits more heat, can kill pathogens, is conducive to the health of young partridges, simple and applicable, in the south, infrared lights are generally used as heating tools. When in use, it is hung at a height of 30 centimeters from the ground, and gradually increases with the increase of the age of young partridges. A 250-watt infrared lamp generally manages about 300 million 400 young partridges, but the infrared lights are not durable, it is best to use them in groups of two and rotate within 24 hours. Be careful not to install a drinking sink under the infrared light, because the little partridge is so naughty that it will splash water droplets on the infrared lamp of the heat source through flapping its wings and shaking its head. 2. Humidity the characteristic of partridge chicks is that they are afraid of being wet but not dry, and like a dry environment. When the partridge chicks first came out of the shell, the egg yolk was not absorbed, and the higher humidity was beneficial to the absorption and utilization of the egg yolk. Therefore, the air relative humidity of partridges should be kept at 70%-65% at the age of 3 days, 65%-60% at the age of 4 days, and 55%-60% later, so as to make the brooding environment dry and beneficial to the growth of chicks. 3. The time and intensity of light play an important role not only in the chick partridge, but also in its life (which has been mentioned many times before). Generally speaking, young partridges can be illuminated continuously for 23 hours a day or full-day light for 1-6 days. Artificial light can be added to the lack of sunshine (see figure 37), and artificial light can be combined with thermal insulation lamps. At the age of 2-3 weeks, the light was 16-18 hours a day, and then the light time could be gradually reduced until only natural light was used, and the light was turned on in the morning and evening. If there is not enough light, the partridge will postpone the time of sexual maturity and production. The light intensity is generally 2 to 3 watts per square meter. Meat partridges can be illuminated 20 hours a day with 2 watt bulbs per square meter. The specific requirements are shown in Table 14. Pay attention to the uniform light intensity in the nursery, and pay attention to control the light intensity. When the light is weak, the young partridges are quiet, docile, less active and grow faster. When the light is strong, the young partridges appear neurotic, sensitive, easy to panic, large amount of activity, prone to mutual fighting, feather pecking, toe pecking, anal pecking and other bad habits. Therefore, during the breeding period, we should not only have light, but also pay attention to the light intensity should not be too large. In addition, yellow light, green light is also easy to lead to partridges, while orange, red and green light is not easy to make partridges have bad habits. Therefore, attention should be paid to the nature of the light emitted by the light source. 4. Density the suitable density of partridge brooding varies with its age and brooding mode. Generally speaking, 10-day-old partridges can hold 80 partridges per square meter, 10-day-old to 4-week-old partridges have a breeding density of 50 per square meter, and 4-and 13-week-old partridges can hold 25 partridges per square meter. If you are younger, you can be denser, and if you are older, you should be sparse. It can be denser in winter and thinner in summer and higher ambient temperature. If the chicks are raised flat on the indoor ground, if the incubator is used for heating, the young partridges within one week of age can hold 150 partridges per square meter under the umbrella; if heating is provided with heating, infrared lights, underground flue, etc., the effective area of the nursery can accommodate 40 birds per square meter. Online flat breeding, brooding box culture, each square meter can hold 7080 birds. The animals were 70 at the age of 1 week, 50 at the age of 4 weeks and 25 at the age of 12 weeks. 5. During the period of ventilation and ventilation, the indoor temperature is high, the breeding density is high, the young partridge grows fast, the metabolism is exuberant, the breath is fast, and enough fresh air is needed. In addition, feces and bedding materials in the house often emit a large amount of ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide due to wet fermentation, polluting the indoor air. When raising chicks, they often attach importance to heat preservation while neglecting ventilation, especially those who are inexperienced, lest the temperature can not reach and close the nursery room and incubator, the dirty air cannot be discharged and the fresh air cannot be changed, which seriously affects the health of young partridges and makes them prone to respiratory diseases and even death. Therefore, when brooding, we should not only keep warm, but also pay attention to ventilation to keep the air fresh. Under the premise of ensuring a certain temperature, the doors and windows of the nursery room should be opened properly, ventilated and ventilated to increase indoor fresh air and discharge bad gases such as carbon dioxide and ammonia. Generally speaking, it is appropriate for people to enter the nursery without sulking feeling and no pungent smell. In the early days of brooding and brooding in winter (before 3 weeks of age), wind buckets (covering curtains) or gauze air windows can be installed in the brooding house to make the cold air warm and flow into the room gradually. After 3 weeks of age, you can choose a sunny, warm and windless noon. Open the window for ventilation. Ventilation should pay attention to avoid blowing cold air directly to the young partridge and make it catch a cold. Also avoid the gap wind. The vents in the incubator should always be opened for ventilation, especially at night. 6. In a good environment, partridge chicks are more sensitive to environmental stimuli than poultry. Attention should be paid to the quiet environment and regular management. Mechanical and rhythmic sound, young partridges are easy to get used to; irregular sound will frighten partridges, affect feeding and rest, and even make the chicks riot, squeeze each other and cause death. Visitors and unrelated personnel are not allowed to enter the nursery, otherwise it will not only interfere with the rest of the young partridges, or even cause riots, but also easily lead to infectious diseases.

Partridge brooding method:

Prepare the cage for brooding, indoor and outdoor, and the appliances should be thoroughly cleaned, washed and disinfected before entering the nestling. The ironware is washed and disinfected with a fire blowtorch; after the house is thoroughly cleaned and washed, the walls and floor of the nursery are sprayed with 2% caustic soda or permethrin solution; the bed is arranged for brooding indoor bed netting, and the floor should be covered with fine sand or short straw and straw, sealed doors and windows, fumigated for 24 hours, formalin 20mL and 14g potassium permanganate per cubic meter of space. Wash and soak the tableware and drinking utensils with 0.5% permanganate solution for 2 hours, then rinse with clean water and put them into the maintenance room for backup. The temperature of the brooding room should be adjusted before entering the brood. It is best to use the combination of coal stove and electrothermal constant temperature control system for heating. In this way, it can not only save energy but also avoid temperature fluctuation. Before entering the chick, the temperature in the rearing room was raised to 39-40 ℃ and stabilized for 3 days, and the temperature was set to 35-36 ℃ when entering the chick. When the brood room is moved into the multi-nest partridge at the same time, the brood room can be divided into several rooms with cardboard, each with a nest.

Drink and eat at the right time

Drink water in time

Young partridges should drink water before eating within 12-24 hours after coming out of their shell. Putting colored pebbles in the sink can tempt partridges to drink. Many young partridges that have just come out of their shells do not know how to drink water and need to be trained. The method is to catch the sturdy ones, dip their beaks into the sink, dip them with water, and after a few times of training, they will drink their own water. In this way, some of the young partridges are trained, and others follow the example of drinking water. Drinking water can be combined with epidemic prevention or supplementary nutrition to strengthen the physique and resist disease. Drink about 36 ℃ of warm boiled water within 3 days of age, add appropriate amount of medicine, such as 0.01% potassium permanganate, 0.02% oxytetracycline, etc.; 1-20-day-old chicks, add 5% glucose or brown sugar, a small amount of compound vitamin B, cod liver oil, quick tonic 14 or 20, etc., drink freely and provide water throughout the day.

Young partridges can be eaten after boiling water. For the first 3 days, eat with steamed millet or corn flour mixed with cooked egg yolks (2-3 egg yolks of 100 young partridges), preferably with yellow powder insects. Sprinkle the material on the plastic sheet or paper mat and let it eat freely. The material will not be cut off within 3 days of age. After 3 days, all the chicks were fed with formula feed and trough feed (the trough should be placed under the light, staggered, not more than 1m apart). The formula is as follows: corn meal 35.5%, wheat flour 26.5%, bean cake or peanut kernel meal 28%, imported fish meal 8%, bone meal 1%, trace elements 0.5%, multivitamin 0.3%, salt 0.2%. General chicks can add a small amount of glucose powder or milk powder to supplement nutrition; weak chicks, but also add cod liver oil. When feeding, it is necessary to add less frequently, and it is better to eat the above secondary materials each time, which can not only avoid feed pollution, but also prevent picky eating and nutritional imbalance caused by chicks. From 7 days old, a small amount of chopped garlic can be added to the feed for 3-4 days, stop feeding for 15 days, and then feed for 3-4 days until it is out of the column, which has the effect of sterilization and disease prevention. Throw in some vegetables properly after 4 weeks of age. The times of feeding were 6 times a day in 10 days old, 2 times in the morning, 2 times in the afternoon, 1 time in the middle of the night, 1 time in the second half of the night, 5 times a day from 11 to 4 weeks old, reducing 1 time in the second half of the night, and 3-4 times a day after 4 weeks of age. Pay attention to feeding in groups after eating. Those with good navel healing and complete abdominal hair are healthy chicks; otherwise, they are weak chicks.

Effective prevention of pecking habit

In the process of partridge brooding, pecking will occur if it is not properly raised, and broken beak can prevent pecking. The beak was usually amputated at the age of 6-9 days, and once again at the age of 6 weeks. The upper beak is usually cut off with scissors or beak-breaking machine. Double vitamin K should be given 3 days before and after beak amputation, and vaccination should be prohibited. The amount of feeding and drinking water should be added within 1 week after the beak is broken to reduce the pain caused by the beak touching the bottom of the groove.

Do a good job in health and epidemic prevention

Adhere to the principle of "giving priority to prevention, prevention is more important than treatment, and the combination of prevention and control". Partridges don't defecate much, but they should be cleaned frequently. It is best to spray disinfection and germicidal liquid before cleaning to avoid flying dust and dirty air. Sinks, troughs and other utensils are cleaned twice a day and disinfected with 0.01% potassium permanganate solution every 2 days. The room is disinfected twice a week and three times a week in summer. It is generally disinfected with partridges. Boiled water drink 0.01% potassium permanganate water once, can clean intestines and stomach; 3-7 days old mix 0.04% dysentery, twice a day, or drink 0.02% dysentery water, can prevent white dysentery; 8-14 days old add appropriate amount of penicillin or oxytetracycline to prevent coccidiosis. At the age of 15 days, the chicks were treated with Newcastle disease Ⅱ or Ⅳ vaccine nasal drip or aerosol. At the age of 28 days, the mice were immunized with Newcastle disease Ⅰ vaccine.