Vaccination methods and points for attention of wild duck vaccination

Wild duck is a typical representative of waterfowl, which is the common name of mallard duck (mallard) in the northern hemisphere. Wild duck belongs to bird class, goose-shaped order, duck family; its number is very large, is the popular name of many kinds of wild ducks, there are more than ten species. Wild ducks can make long-distance migration flights, with a maximum speed of 110 kilometers per hour. In a narrow sense, wild duck refers to mallard duck, alias big green head, big red leg duck, hemp duck and so on. It is the most common large wild duck, the ancestor of all domestic ducks except Muscovy duck, and the main object of artificial domestication at present. The disease prevention of wild duck breeding is very important, so what should be vaccinated against wild duck vaccine and what should be paid attention to?

Wild ducks can be threatened by a variety of infectious diseases at any time in the environment of artificial breeding. in order to prevent it, it is necessary to vaccinate healthy wild ducks in a planned way. there are many kinds of vaccines used by wild ducks, which should be chosen and used according to the specific conditions of this field. the ways of vaccination are different, including subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, skin prickling and eye drops, nasal drops, spray, drinking water, mixing and so on. Appropriate methods should be adopted with reference to the instructions of the vaccine. In order to give full play to the role of the vaccine, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the vaccine and the immunization procedure:

Precautions for vaccination

Pay attention to the storage environment of the vaccine, especially the live vaccine and live vaccine, the vaccine must be refrigerated at low temperature, the temperature should be prevented from rising and falling during preservation, and refrigerating equipment should be provided during transportation. Do not expose the vaccine to high temperatures or in the sun when in use.

Check bottle by bottle before use, pay attention to whether the vaccine bottle is damaged, the seal is tight, and the bottle is marked with the batch number and inspection number of the vaccine, which is easy to trace when there is a problem.

Pay attention to disinfection, such as injections, needles, eyedroppers, dilution bottles, etc., should be washed in advance, and can be used after boiling and disinfection, needles should be changed frequently, and for epidemic poultry farms, each bird should change a needle. If you can not suck the vaccine in the bottle at once, do not take out the needle on the bottle, so as to continue to absorb, do not use the needle injected into the poultry body to absorb the vaccine liquid, so as not to pollute the whole bottle of vaccine.

For vaccines that need to be diluted, the dilution multiple should be calculated according to the first dose of each bottle and the dose injected. The commonly used diluents are sterilized saline, aluminum hydroxide, and so on, and some vaccines are equipped with special diluents. Vaccines that have been opened or diluted must be used up on the same day. Do not dilute the vaccine with a hot diluent.

First of all, pay attention to the water quality when drinking water is immunized. If tap water is used, it should be stored in the tank beforehand and be used after chlorine volatilization. It is best to add 0.2% skimmed milk powder, the drinking fountain should be adequate, the container should be clean, and all kinds of metal containers should not be used. Stop drinking water before drinking, 1-2 hours in summer and 2-3 hours in winter, the amount of drinking water per bird is determined according to the size of birds, generally 10-15 milliliters, which is required to be finished within half an hour.

Vaccination is to prevent infectious diseases, so the corresponding vaccine must be used on the premise of knowing the epidemic situation and epidemic situation of the flocks. At the same time, the flocks must be in a healthy condition before they can be vaccinated. Birds that are sick or unhealthy should not be vaccinated temporarily.

If acute infectious diseases are found early in the flock, emergency vaccination can be carried out, but diseased birds should be eliminated and only needles should be changed when inoculating assumed healthy birds. Emergency vaccination has no preventive effect on sick birds that are already in the incubation period. Generally, the epidemic can be quelled after a week.

Correct immunization and other procedures must be carried out, and different vaccines should be used to prevent different infectious diseases. Even if the same infectious disease is prevented, sometimes different strains or types of vaccines should be selected according to specific conditions. As the age of birds, maternal antibody levels and other factors are different, it is necessary to formulate and implement correct immunization procedures according to the results of immune surveillance in poultry farms with different conditions. Only in this way can we give full play to the immunity of the vaccine.

After vaccination, we should do a good job in feeding and management, reduce and avoid various stress factors, prevent the invasion of pathogens, and make the body produce sufficient immunity.

At present, the commonly used vaccines for poultry are attenuated and inactivated vaccines. generally speaking, the attenuated vaccine produces immunity quickly, this kind of vaccine must be cryopreserved at low temperature, the immunity of oil emulsion vaccine is long-lasting, and the temperature of preservation is not strict.