Grazing and raising of native chicken in mountainous area

Native chicken, a kind of poultry. Different from caged broilers. Among them, "hillside scattered native chicken" is the best, the rooster crown is big and red, fierce and aggressive, and the hen crown is very small. Native chicken is also called grass chicken and stupid chicken, which refers to the broilers raised in the mountains, forests and orchards. It has the characteristics of rough feeding resistance, strong nesting ability and strong disease resistance, and the meat is delicious. Eggs sell very well in urban and rural markets, and the price of eggs is also higher than that of ordinary eggs, with high nutritional value. The chicken taste is delicious, the egg quality is good, the nutrition is rich, the market demand prospect is broad. And because most of them are stocked in forests or orchards, which are closer to the requirements of green environmental protection, they are more favored by consumers. for farmers with certain conditions, the cost of raising firewood chickens is relatively low, which is suitable for family breeding. the breeding cycle is longer, generally about six months of adulthood. So how do native chickens graze and raise in mountainous areas? Let's introduce it next.

(1) preparation before feeding:

1. Site selection: chicken farms should choose places with high and dry terrain, adequate water sources, convenient drainage, quiet grasslands, river valleys, woodlands, orchards, etc., and plenty of sunshine.

2. Chicken house construction: build a chicken house in the high and flat part of the woodland. The chicken house can be made of bamboo frame, linoleum (asbestos tile or nylon cloth) with a height of 2.5 meters, surrounded by nylon mesh or barbed wire in winter (warm with plastic sheeting in winter). The chicken coop is erected with bamboo and wood, about 0.3 meters from the ground, so that the chicken body is separated from the ground. The area of the chicken house is determined according to the number of breeding, generally 15 words per square meter is appropriate, mainly used for night roosting and shelter from wind and rain.

2. Selection of chicken breeds

In order to stop the invasion of foreign diseases, we should conduct on-the-spot investigation before selecting chicks, try our best to choose chicken farms with no history of infectious diseases, and choose brooding plants with complete registration, standardized management, and sound epidemic prevention system. Chicken breeds can choose excellent local breeds with strong resistance, such as Sanhuang Chicken, Ma Chicken, Laihang Chicken, and so on.

III. Feeding of chicks

1. Start eating and drinking water at the right time: the chicks are raised in the house first, and the chicks can be given drinking water within 2 hours after entering the house. 5% glucose and multivitamin can be added to the water or 0.01% potassium permanganate solution can be prepared to drink water to enhance the physique of the chicken, alleviate the emergency response and facilitate the excretion of meconium. The water temperature is usually close to the temperature of the house (20 ℃ 22 min). The chicks usually eat 24 hours after coming out of the shell. They can initially feed crushed rice, and then feed whole-grain feed after 3 days of age.

2. Control the temperature in the chicken house: the temperature of the chick just coming out of the shell should be reduced by 1 ℃ every 5 days after 35 ℃, and finally to 2022 ℃ at the age of 35-42 days. In the heat preservation at the same time, but also need ventilation, the commonly used heat preservation methods are cartons, hot Kang, nursery cages and so on. The brooding method of the hot Kang is as follows: bricks are built on the Kang, bamboo sheets are used to make arches, the shed is 0.8-1.0 meters high, a simple greenhouse is covered with plastic film, short wheat straw and dry sawdust are laid on the Kang, and the bedding on the Kang should be replaced every 2-3 days.

3. The light should be appropriate: 1-day-old chickens should be photographed for 23 hours (the light bulb should not be too large, one Kang is 15-25W), the light should be reduced by 1 hour per day at the age of 2-15 days, and no additional light should be added after the age of 16 days.

4. The breeding density in the house should be suitable: 40-50 chicks per square meter at the age of 0-10 days, 30-40 chickens at the age of 10-20 days, 20-30 chickens at the age of 20-30 days, and 20 chickens per square meter at the age of 42 days.

5, pay attention to ventilation: the henhouse should be ventilated, it can give the chicken enough oxygen, but to prevent the thief wind.

6. Feed insoluble gravel regularly. Gravel can enhance the digestive function of chickens, which is beneficial to the growth and development of chickens.

Fourth, the time and density of stocking:

After raising in the house for 20 days, you can choose sunny stocking. For the first few days, put it for 2-4 hours a day, and then extend it gradually. At the age of 30 days in summer, 35 days in spring and autumn, and 45 days in winter, you can be raised outside the house. when you first enter the woodland, you should use nylon net to limit it to a small area, and then gradually expand it, it is best to put it in rotation with a screen fence and change a piece of land for a week. It can be 150 per mu.

5. Feeding and management:

Full-price feed is used in the chick stage. The chickens were fed 6 times a day at the first week, 5 times a day at the second week, 4 times a day at the age of 3-4 weeks, and 3 times a day at the age of 5-6 weeks. After the 7th week, they gradually transferred to adult chicken feed and reduced the number of chickens fed. After the first week of stocking, the chickens were fed once in the morning and once in the evening, and once every night in the second week. The native chickens with high quality and fast growth could be gradually changed into grains such as corn after 5 weeks of age.

VI. Disease prevention and treatment

1. Epidemic prevention: 1-day-old chicks were subcutaneously injected with Marek's vaccine; 5-7-day-old chicks were given infectious bronchial vaccine or nose drip; 10-day-old chickens were given drinking water with infectious bursa vaccine; 12-15-day-old chickens were first immunized with Newcastle disease Ⅱ or Ⅳ vaccine; 20-day-old chickens were injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously with avian influenza vaccine. 30-day-old and 75-day-old were vaccinated with fowlpox vaccine and subcutaneous inoculation, and the second Newcastle disease immunization was carried out at the age of 2 months. After vaccination, Vc, quick supplement 14 and amino acid glucose oral liquid can be added to feed or drinking water to enhance the immune effect.

2. Drug prophylaxis: White dysentery was the most common in chickens aged 4-21 days, and drugs were added to the feed from the 3rd day. Preventive drugs such as penicillin, oxytetracycline, garlic juice, etc.; chicken coccidiosis is easy to occur at the age of 15-60 days, can be used gram ball powder, chlorophenylguanidine, penicillin, etc., added to drinking water, drug feeding for 5 days after stopping for 2 days, can continue to feed. In the middle and later stages of broiler disease prevention and treatment as far as possible without synthetic drugs, more use of traditional Chinese medicine and biological control, in order to reduce and control drug residues in chicken meat.

Seventh, timely sales: a suitable feeding period is an important link to improve meat quality. During the feeding period, the short meat has more water content, less accumulation of nutrients, less fresh flavor and aromatic substances, poor meat quality and taste, which can not reach the standard of high-quality native chicken. The feeding period is too long, the muscle fiber is too old, the feeding cost is too high, it is not cost-effective. According to the characteristics of growth physiology and nutrient accumulation of native chickens, as well as the characteristics of faster growth and earlier sexual maturity of cocks, small broilers went on the market in about 100 days, hens on the market in 120 days, medium-sized broilers on the market in about 110 days and hens on the market in 130 days. At this time on the market, the chicken meat is fresh and tender, which is the best time for physique, quality and cost.

VIII. Strengthen management

1. Treatment of sick and dead chickens: if sick chickens are found to be isolated in time, the dead chickens should be buried or burned immediately, and the site utensils and articles should be disinfected with 0.2% peroxycaproic acid.

2. Hygiene and disinfection of the chicken house: the utensils and articles in the house should be cleaned and kept clean frequently. The chicken droppings in the house are cleaned every half month, sterilized with 10% Mel 20% raw lime water, and sealed with nylon cloth and fumigated with 40% formalin solution. After the same piece of woodland is stocked for 3 years, another piece of woodland should be replaced, let the woodland be naturally purified for more than 2 years, and then raise chickens after full disinfection.

3. Strictly prevent rodent damage or other animal damage: woodland or grassland is surrounded by barbed wire, nylon net or bamboo fence to prevent chicken flight or wild animal invasion.