Matters needing attention in breeding egg management and hatching of Shouguang chicken

Shouguang chicken, also known as Cilun chicken. Shouguang chicken is characterized by its large size and large eggs. It is an excellent local chicken breed for both meat and eggs. According to poultry in Shandong Province in 1978. "Shouguang Chicken" has fresh and tender meat and rich nutrition. in the market, it has become a hot product in high-end hotels, hotels, whole chicken shops and wedding banquets at a price 2-3 times higher than that of ordinary chickens.

Shouguang Chicken originated in Cijia and Lunjia area of Shouguang, Shandong Province, also known as "Cilun Chicken". The whole body is black and shiny, with a single red crown, large and flexible eyes, black or brown iridescent, black beak and white skin. Tall body, strong bones, long body, deep chest, wide and flat back, thick feet. Shouguang chicken is tolerant to roughage, strong foraging ability and rich in body fat. The average weight of large adult cocks is 3.8 kg and that of hens is 3.1 kg. The first laying age is 240-270 days, 90-100 eggs are laid annually, and the egg weight is 70-75 grams. The average weight of small adult cocks is 3.6 kg, hens 2.5 kg, annual egg production 120-150, egg weight 60-65 grams, and the eggshell is reddish brown.

Management method of breeding eggs of Shouguang Chicken

First, the choice of breeding eggs. The selection of breeding eggs must be from non-epidemic areas, healthy and high-yielding flocks of chickens. Selected eggs must be of moderate size, normal egg color, deformed eggs, sand eggs, cracked eggs are not suitable to be breeding eggs. The choice of planting eggs is meticulous work, which must be done carefully.

Second, the preservation of breeding eggs. The storage time of breeding eggs is 7-10 days, the temperature is 15-16 ℃, the humidity is 70% Mel 75%, and the ventilation is good. Seed eggs should be stored on an egg plate with big head up and slightly inclined. If the storage time is more than 7 days, the eggs should be turned once a day to prevent the yolk from adhering to the eggshell. The poor preservation of breeding eggs has a great influence on the hatching rate.

Third, the disinfection of breeding eggs. Eggs should be fumigated before storage and before hatching. Disinfection appliances can be self-made, use small square wood strips to make a cube wooden frame, the upper and surrounding four sides of the wooden frame are sealed with plastic film, and the bottom is empty. Put the eggs on the egg plate layer by layer and buckle the wooden frame sealed with plastic film on the egg plate. When disinfecting, lift the wooden frame of the closed plastic film 10-20 cm, put the ceramic or glass container containing formalin into the wooden frame, then put potassium permanganate into the container, quickly put down the wooden frame and fumigate for 20 minutes. Formalin 42 milliliters plus 21 grams of potassium permanganate per cubic meter.

Points for attention in hatching Shouguang Chicken eggs

First, after the eggs are removed from the storage room, they should be naturally preheated in the hatching room, and the code disk should be hatched after the egg surface temperature reaches room temperature, and the position of the code disk is the same as that of storage. In addition, the incubator should be cleaned, disinfected, debugged and preheated in advance.

2. Incubator temperature and humidity requirements: if the incubator sensor is placed in the space outside the egg plate inside the incubator, the incubator space temperature is 38.5 ℃ on the 1st-7th day, 38 ℃ on the 8th-18th day, and 37.5 ℃ on the 19th-21 day after hatching. if the incubator sensor is placed on the breeding egg in the egg plate, the egg temperature can be kept at 37.8-38 ℃ from beginning to end. The incubation humidity varies according to the incubator. The electric heating pipe is placed directly in the incubator to heat the old incubator. The wind is very strong. The incubation humidity is 60% on the 1st-20th day after hatching and 70% on the 21st-24th day. The incubator, heated with warm air and with smaller internal fan, has a hatching humidity of 45% on the 1st-20th day after hatching and 60% on the 21st-24th day.

3. Turning eggs: on the 1st-20th day after hatching, the eggs should be turned every 2-3 hours, 8-12 times a day, with an angle of 90 degrees, so that all parts of the embryo are heated evenly and prevent the embryo from sticking to the shell. If the temperature difference in the incubator is ±0.5 ℃, the plate should be adjusted once a day, that is, the upper and lower egg plate should be adjusted, and the eggs around the egg plate should be adjusted with the eggs in the center to make up for the influence of the temperature difference.

4. illuminated eggs: the first illuminated eggs were carried out on the 7th day after hatching, through which the azoospermic eggs and dead embryo eggs were picked up. The embryo development of fertilized egg is normal, the blood vessels are radially distributed, the color is bright and red; the color of the dead egg is lighter, there are irregular blood rings, blood arcs, and no radial blood vessels; the azoospermic egg shines without vascular network, and only the shadow of egg yolk can be seen. The second illumination of the eggs was carried out on the 17th day after hatching to delete the dead eggs, and the live normal eggs were moved out of the plate and out of the hatching apparatus. The live embryo egg is dark red, the air chamber is inclined, the boundary is curved, and there are thick blood vessels around the dead embryo egg chamber; no dark red blood vessels can be seen around the dead embryo egg chamber, the edge is blurred, and some eggs are lighter in color and shiny in the small head. The embryo eggs are sampled from time to time in the process of hatching in order to grasp the embryo development and take corresponding measures accordingly.

Fifth, drop the plate and hatch: when the chicken eggs hatch to 18 days, the live embryo eggs should be laid on the plate. After falling off the plate, the temperature and humidity should be controlled according to the temperature and humidity requirements of hatching eggs, that is, compared with the previous hatching stage, the temperature is appropriately reduced and the humidity is appropriately increased to facilitate the emergence of chicks. In order to ensure sufficient humidity, the number of water plates should be increased appropriately to keep them clean so as to facilitate water evaporation. The eggs began to hatch on the 20th day, and finished at the end of 21 days. After coming out of the shell, the chicks should stay in the hatcher until the feathers are dry, then take them out and put them in the brooding room or box. If the chick is picked up too early, the chick's feathers are not dry, and its adaptability to the environment is poor; if the chick is picked up too late, the chick can move after its feathers are dry, then the chick may climb out on its own, fall into the water plate and drown. During hatching, the lights should be turned on as little as possible, only when picking up the chicks, so as not to damage the joints when the chicks crawl. Usually pick up chicks once every 2 hours.

6. Incubation management: during the incubation period, the temperature and humidity of eggs are observed regularly every day (if they do not meet the requirements, they should be adjusted in time), and records are made, generally every 2 hours. Add water to the water plate of the incubator regularly and turn the eggs regularly. Pay attention to the changes of ventilation and instruments and indicators, and troubleshoot in time if there are any abnormalities. After each incubation, the incubator, hatcher and utensils should be thoroughly cleaned, scrubbed and disinfected.

VII. Inspection and analysis of hatching effect

After each incubation, the hatching results (hatching rate of hatched eggs and hatching rate of fertilized eggs) should be counted and analyzed in order to summarize, accumulate experience and improve the level of hatching technology. Generally speaking, the head photo of breeder chickens is no more than 5% of the eggs and no more than 3% of the dead eggs. If the dead embryo rate is too high, it is mostly due to improper storage of breeding eggs, too high or too low hatching temperature. If there are too many unfertilized eggs, it is mostly due to the improper proportion of male and female of all kinds of chickens, the disease of breeder chickens, the weak male of rooster and the lack of ejaculation ability and so on. Second, it is normal for dead embryo eggs to be no more than 3%. Too many dead eggs are often caused by poor breeding, inadequate embryo nutrition, inappropriate hatching temperature and poor ventilation. After moving the plate at the end of incubation, the percentage of dead embryo eggs is 6%. If the dead embryo eggs are too high, it may be due to poor incubation conditions in the middle and later stages, mainly showing that there are more stillbirths that can not come out of the shell. To collect breeding eggs, from collection to hatching, it is necessary to minimize adverse human interference to ensure a high hatching rate.