Scientific breeding techniques of Beef cattle

I. breeding and fattening methods of Beef cattle

Due to the differences in natural conditions and feeding methods, the main ways of fattening are as follows:

1. Fattening mode of 6-month-old calves

2. Fattening mode of calves aged 12-14 months.

3. Fattening mode of shelf cattle over 4 months old

4. Fattening mode in different places.

2. Techniques for raising Beef cattle

The main results are as follows: 1. The forage is relatively stable to prevent the sudden change of cattle fattening period, especially the intensity fattening or rapid fattening, which requires the forage to be relatively stable. If the sudden change, it will inevitably lead to changes in the rumen environment, directly affect the rumen microflora and fermentation activities, resulting in the reduction of fermentation degree and forage digestion and absorption, and even cause digestive tract diseases. (standard barn equipment)

2. pay attention to the observation of picky food and anorexia in cattle. Adequate roughage should be given to improve the palatability of the diet. A small amount of molasses can be added, more wheat bran, barley and oats can be fed, or barley flakes should be used instead of powdered feed. As the fattening period is approaching, anorexia should be considered in time.

3. Feed regularly and add less frequently. Feed three times a day, drink water once in the morning and once in the afternoon, mix the forage well and then feed it, first feed and then drink.

4. diversified forage and reasonable collocation: the diet of cattle is generally composed of coarse (green) feed and concentrate, which not only requires proper volume and feed intake (dry matter), but also needs to ensure the satisfaction of quality and quantity. As the farmer said, "the mixture of flowers and plants, cattle love to eat, easy to fat."

5. Drink enough water and keep it clean. During the fattening period, the amount of drinking water of cattle has a lot to do with feed properties and climatic conditions. Cattle fattening should be free to eat, should set up a regular sink, drink along with thirst. Grazing and fattening or tethered feeding, drink water regularly, 2-3 times a day, based on the principle of drinking enough, the water should be changed frequently and keep clean.

6. The structure of concentrate and roughage in the diet should be reasonable. Normally, with the progress of the fattening period, the proportion of concentrate and roughage in the diet is also different: in the initial stage: roughage accounts for 70%, concentrate accounts for 30%. In the middle period: roughage accounts for 30%, concentrate accounts for 70%. Non-term: roughage accounts for 10%, concentrate accounts for 90%.

III. Management measures for the fattening period of Beef cattle

The reserve cattle selected for fattening should be quarantined head by head to avoid the spread of the epidemic and cause economic losses. Clean the enclosure before buying and spray phenolic soap, carbolic acid or Bordeaux solution for disinfection. Clean the sink and trough and lay new bedding or sawing on the cow bed. The general management measures for the fattening period are as follows:

1. Grouping, individual number, establishing fattening record

2. get rid of internal and external parasites; body surface parasites affect the quiet of cattle, are not conducive to feeding and rest, and affect the quality of cowhide invasion. Internal parasites not only compete for the nutrition of the host and cause nutrient consumption, but also appear diseases and even infect people in the lungs, liver, brain and muscles. It has no fattening effect. The commonly used broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs are levamisole hydrochloride, albendazole, Ifudine and so on. Acariasis is so contagious that once it is found, it is immediately isolated and treated, and the barn and contaminated utensils are disinfected with acaricides. The patients were treated with amitraz, deltamethrin, ivermectin, carbamophos, diazinon, lindane, phoxim and trichlorfon.

3. Castration: according to the research results in the past 40 years, adult bulls must be castrated half a month before fattening, and young bulls can not be castrated, but early grouping and separate feeding and management are beneficial to fattening and improve carcass quality.

4. Brushing and exercise: brushing must be done at a fixed time, 1-2 times a day, after feeding, from beginning to end, first waist, thigh and limbs, brush repeatedly, during fattening period, shelf cattle can exercise properly to promote the development of digestive organs, exercise must be restricted in the middle and later stages.

5. take measures according to local conditions, carry out group feeding or bolting for general shelf cattle intensity fattening, group feeding and fence fattening, 10-20 heads per group, each cow occupies 4 square meters of cattle bed area, adult cattle (remnant old cattle) can be bolted during rapid fattening.

6. Keep the barn warm and keep it dry and clean.

7. Regular weighing: the whole fattening period is divided into three periods from 90 to 120 days. Each period is weighed on time and carried out on an empty stomach in the morning.