Does Penaeus vannamei culture go left or right?

If development is a harvest, then transformation is an innovation of continuous development. Development and transformation all need to pay a price! Penaeus vannamei culture has always been a high-risk investment, high-benefit return, capital-intensive and technology-intensive industry, which doomed us not to treat with the traditional backward concept of small-scale production, modern scientific breeding technology and the perfect combination of natural ecological environment, is the only way out for successful culture of Penaeus vannamei! As we all know, the past 10 years have also been a decade of rapid development and difficult transformation of white prawns in the Chinese market. Along the way, there have been more failures than successes, more tears than laughter, more worries than hopes and struggles. If development is a harvest, then transformation is an innovation of continuous development. Development and transformation all need to pay a price! White prawn farming has never been a model to follow, nor can it only "rely on heaven to eat." Traditional breeding ideas, management methods, shrimp pond facilities layout all need innovation and transformation, all need to upgrade. Now there is a transitional stage, that is, whether your breeding should go left or right: go left, that is, to intensive, factory high-level pond fine culture management mode development, follow the green, controllable, ecological shrimp farming concept principle, increase the standardization of culture pond technical transformation, innovate ideas, advocate prevention and control shrimp farming, strive to solve problems from the system, fundamentally, from the ecosystem value chain Create shrimp farming benefits, we should have the courage to reform! The traditional practice of maintaining shrimp production and management by selling seedlings, feed and shrimp medicine on credit is no longer feasible! Penaeus vannamei culture has always been a high-risk investment, high-benefit return, capital-intensive and technology-intensive industry, which doomed us not to treat with the traditional backward concept of small-scale production, modern scientific breeding technology and the perfect combination of natural ecological environment, is the only way out for successful culture of Penaeus vannamei!

To the left, the first thing we need to do now is to transform the technology of standardized high-level ponds and construct a green and ecological shrimp culture system. The standardization of high level tank can refer to local standards. For example, the local standard DB46/T37-2004 of Hainan Province Technical Specification for Cultivation of Pollution-free Food Penaeus vannamei High Pond; the construction of green and ecological shrimp culture system includes two aspects: one is to follow the culture concept of "cultivating algae with bacteria" and construct stable pond water ecosystem suitable for the growth of Penaeus vannamei with enzyme bacteria technology products. Shrimp cultivation first raises water,"water cultivation" means to cultivate bacteria and algae phase first, cultivate bacteria and algae phase to better stabilize water color, improve buffer capacity of water body as a whole, and prevent shrimp from producing stress and infectious diseases. Fertilizing algae is to construct a good bacteria and algae phase to solve the problems of difficult water fertilization and easy falling of rich water color; regulating water and algae cultivation is to solve the problems of stabilizing bacteria and algae phase, effectively maintaining dynamic balance of beneficial bacteria and algae phase, and normal alternate growth and reproduction of new and old bacteria and algae. The premise is to construct a good flora, and the goal is to stabilize the flora. Bacteria and algae are interactive, we advocate the concept of "bacteria to raise algae", the purpose is to first establish a strong biological barrier for beneficial bacteria, in order to better inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria! Bacteriostasis can better prevent and control disease bacteria prawn and algae damage; at the same time, it can effectively mineralize organic substances in water, continuously provide nutrients and salts for the growth of beneficial algae, promote the rapid and directional reproduction of beneficial algae as population advantage, and inhibit excessive growth of harmful algae such as cyanobacteria and gymnodinoflagellates. This is a complex ecosystem reconstruction process. Without the synergy of a variety of nutrients with high activity and powerful functions, which is produced by fermentation of enzyme bacteria technology, it is impossible to do a good job in the construction of this ecosystem! Especially under the environmental conditions of serious imbalance of bacteria and algae, eutrophication of water body and serious excess of heavy metals, enzyme bacteria technology products (fertilizer and water maintenance products) are more important and efficient for the reconstruction of pond water ecosystem. The second is the construction of control system for stress disease and infectious disease of shrimp itself: shrimp disease is caused by no more than two sources: environmental stress disease and viral cross infection. Environmental stress diseases are the most common and widespread diseases. Firstly, the changes of climate and water ecological environment (algae, bacteria, salinity, water temperature, PH value, hardness, alkalinity, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other harmful substances) produce stress sources, which induce prawns to produce stress reactions, which lead prawns to consume a lot of energy and vitamins and produce a series of pathological reactions, such as hepatomegaly, swimming in ponds, consumption of bottom, red legs, red whiskers, white muscles, etc. To eliminate stress sources, the most fundamental and effective way is to maintain the stability of water flora! Because of climate or water nutrition imbalance caused by bacteria and algae phase instability led to water color change (algae suddenly died a large number, water color change clear, change turbidity) is the most fundamental cause of stress source generation, bacteria and algae phase change means that everything will change, all problems may occur! In terms of color conservation, stability should prevail! At present, there are many problems in the cultivation stage from 30 days after seedling casting. Once the algae phase of water body changes, hepatomegaly and dead shrimp will appear, which puts forward higher requirements for 30 days of water culture and algae protection. The second is to timely supplement energy and vitamin products to the water body, so as to effectively restore vitality after stress of prawns and reduce the occurrence of stress diseases. Second, regular or timely supplement of mineral elements in the water body to effectively maintain the hardness of the water body and the normal shelling of prawns. Maintain osmotic pressure inside and outside cells, effectively activate cell metabolic enzymes, promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by prawns, improve immune function and restore vitality. These three basic prevention and control measures complement and promote each other. There are two methods to prevent and control viral cross infection: one is to use bacteria to inhibit bacteria, regularly sprinkle beneficial microbial preparations such as bdellovibrio, lactic acid bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, polymyxin, compound spore bacteria, etc., on the one hand, it can purify and optimize water quality, and at the same time reproduce into beneficial microbial population advantage, establish solid biological barrier, and effectively inhibit the reproduction and growth of harmful bacteria such as fungi and viruses and the invasion of aquatic animals such as shrimp and crab; Second, periodically or according to different circumstances, potassium hydrogen sulfate compound salt base modification, active iodine plus traditional Chinese medicine preparation, stable chlorine dioxide, antiviral Chinese herbal medicine base modifier, etc. are added to effectively kill vibrio and virus prawn. To the right, it is mainly aimed at the aging acidified soil pond conditions and the problem of how to re-plan and cultivate the retail investors with only one mu and three points. Soil pond culture is not useless, high output value and high investment are often proportional, high pool can not do, but you can not follow the old ways, now the state has such a policy, that is,"precision poverty alleviation", the way is the company plus aquaculture cooperatives plus farmers, the contiguous area requires 100 mu in order to apply for the project, after the successful application, the state allocates poverty alleviation funds to support the contiguous transformation of shrimp ponds, separate water intake and drainage channels, and re-plan and unify the management of shrimp ponds; Technical support is led by shrimp medicine or feed companies, cooperatives are responsible for guidance and operation, unified breeding management ideas, unified production management mode, unified purchase and sales channels of seedlings, feed and shrimp medicine, towards production, technical guidance, sales service integrated direction, in case of difficulties coordinated relief by cooperatives, I think, this is a new direction we should look forward to. Before this, try fish and shrimp mixed culture, winter shed culture is also a way out, low output value does not mean low income, but you must first learn to change yourself, do yourself well, only change, there is a way out. In a word, no matter to the left or right, the white prawn breeding industry will enter a brand-new era of transformation. The intensive and factory-oriented shrimp breeding mode is accelerating its expansion. The foreseeable scenarios for the future factory-oriented shrimp breeding mode are: High-level ponds with small area (about 3-4 mu/each) and high standard will be built into a continuous network, with 40-100 mu as a scale control unit. The inlet pipe and drainage pipeline in a control unit are strictly separated. There are modern inlet filtration systems and aquaculture sewage treatment systems. The sewage generated by all aquaculture units will be recycled. The filtered water does not directly enter the culture pond, but first enters the storage tank, after biological purification, bacteria and algae culture is good, then transferred to the culture pond, a 100 mu culture unit is equipped with two 10 mu storage tanks, all the culture ponds adopt integrated computer control and management of various production links... All these are very promising! Another scene is what I mentioned earlier: the state adopts a precise poverty alleviation policy, organically combines everyone through the company + breeding cooperative + farmer mode, and adopts an integrated and intensive breeding management mode. All the farmers present here, you will still be a farmer in the future, but all production and management activities are not arc-oriented! If you need water for breeding, the cooperative will transfer disinfected and biologically purified water for you in advance. All aspects of your production management will be brought under the control of the cooperative. At the same time, you will receive more systematic and scientific production management training. You are not only a farmer, but also a member. You are both an individual boss and a member shareholder. However, there is one point. You must have a member certificate... All this should be our prospect of scientific shrimp farming. This is due first of all to the development of science and technology and the strong support of relevant national policies!