Feeding and management of chicks

Chicks refer to chicks of 0-60 days old. After coming out of the shell, the chicks have the advantages of small body, short fluff, fast heat dissipation and poor body temperature regulation, so corresponding measures should be taken to improve the survival rate of chicks in feeding and management.

(1) preparation for brooding

1. Prepare feed, vaccine and prevention (treatment) drugs.

2. Prepare feeding and management equipment, such as material trough, sink, drinking fountain, balance, thermometer, syringe, etc.

3. If you buy in the market, choose healthy and disease-free chicken seedlings.

(2) the mode of brooding

The number of hens is small, so there is no special introduction, only the commonly used ground level breeding techniques are introduced here. Flat raising on the ground refers to laying sawdust and grain husks 15-20 cm thick on the ground, and chicks are raised on padding, which can be gradually thickened or renewed during the period. The following key points of feeding and management should be grasped when raising chicks on the ground:

1. Grouping: after selecting healthy and disease-free chicks, they are divided into the same group according to their body weight and physique.

2. Feeding density: the suitable density per square meter is 40-50 at the age of 1-2 weeks, 30-40 at the age of 3-5 weeks and 20-30 at the age of 6-9 weeks.

3. Food and drinking water equipment: 2.5-5 cm in trough and 30-40 in bucket. 1.5-2 cm sink, 80-100 water fountains and 10-15 nipple water fountains.

4. Temperature: 33-34 ℃ at 1-2 days old, 32 ℃ at 3-4 years old, 31 ℃ at 5-7 days, 30 ℃ at the 2nd week, 26 ℃ at the 3rd week, 22 ℃ at the 4th week, 20 ℃ at the 5th week, 18 ℃ at the 6th week. Incandescent lamps are usually used to provide light and heating, and the light bulb is about 10cm high from the chicken. You should pay special attention to turning on the lights at night. While heating, it can also prevent mosquito bites and infectious diseases.

5. Humidity: the appropriate humidity makes the chicks feel comfortable, rest and appetite are normal, not easy to get sick, and the indoor relative humidity should be 55-60%.

6. Lighting: continuous lighting for the first 3-4 days, 4-6 watts per square meter, 18 hours per day for 5-14 days, 3 watts per square meter, and continuous lighting at night after 2 weeks, 1.3 watts per square meter. The light is usually 14 hours on the 4th day, and then reduced by 15 minutes a day to 8 hours a day. After 2 weeks of age, the chicks can bask in the sun in the leeward and exercise for 30 minutes a day.

7, ventilation: after raising chickens, the concentration of ammonia in the henhouse often rises rapidly from the second week. in case of acrid and eye conditions, the doors and windows should be opened for ventilation in the afternoon when the temperature is higher, or a small exhaust fan can be installed.

8. Beak breaking: the advantage of beak breaking lies in saving feed, preventing pecking, and improving breeding rate.

9. Feed: special chicken feed is recommended. If self-made, the recommended formula is: corn 49%, broken rice 10%, fine rice bran 5%, wheat bran 5%, bean cake 18%, cottonseed cake or sesame cake 5.5%, fish meal 5%, bone meal 2%, salt 0.3%. Appropriate amount of trace elements, add 15 grams of multivitamins per kilogram. Feed freely, feed less frequently, keep the trough and feed clean, and feed green feed after 7 days, accounting for about 20% of the chicken feed. The chicks can be fed with gravel, which accounts for 1% of the diet. Generally, feeding begins after 2 weeks. 100 chickens are fed 450 grams every week, and the diameter of gravel is 2 mm. Gravel particles gradually increase over time and can be scattered on the feed or used another trough to allow them to eat freely. When raising chickens, more attention should be paid to the supplement of gravel. After 40 days, farm grain was gradually replaced by formula materials, raw grains such as crushed corn and rice were gradually added, and the amount of green feed was increased gradually. The new raw grain was gradually increased according to 10% Mel 20% Mel 30% Mel 50% Mel 70% Mel 100%, and the stocking training began on a sunny day.

10. Drinking and eating: drink water before eating and start feeding 2-4 hours later. In the first 1-3 days of drinking water, 8% glucose should be added, 1 g vitamin C per kilogram of water, and the drinking water temperature should be 18-25 ℃. Open food can be used in the early full price of chicken feed and broken rice and so on. Feed less frequently and keep the trough and feed clean.

11. During the whole rearing period, 0.2-0.3% oxytetracycline, 0.02% norfloxacin and 2/10000 dysenteric acid can be used alternately to prevent colibacillosis and salmonellosis. From one week old to 80 days old, 0.03% chlorophenylguanidine or triclosan powder, gram ball powder and other drugs were mixed into the feed alternately. Anti-coccidial drugs were used for 4-5 days, stopped for 3-4 days, and then changed. In addition, feed nutrition, feeding density and bedding management should be properly disposed of in production.

12. Breeders must pay attention to environmental hygiene, clean chicken dung in time, disinfect regularly, keep utensils clean; supply clean drinking water and warm water when it is cold; change feed step by step; pick out sick and weak chickens for treatment and treatment in time to avoid the spread of epidemic disease and reduce losses.

13. Immunity: routine diseases are mainly for the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract, digestive tract diseases and coccidiosis. The principle of drug use is to use the medicine alternately, mix it into the water and mix it into the feed. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of chicken coccidiosis from 15-20 days old, and this stage should be mainly aimed at 1-2 times of coccidiosis. Anti-coccidial drugs were used for 4-5 days, stopped for 3-4 days, and then changed.