Breeding techniques of Dairy Goat

Dairy goat is a small herbivorous dairy animal, the lactation period of each fetus is 8 to 10 months, the average milk yield is 500,600 kilograms, the milk fat rate is 3.9%, and each litter gives birth to 1 litter. Dairy goats are lively and have a wide range of herbivores, such as weeds, leaves, vines, vegetable leaves, melon beans, miscellaneous grains and so on. Fast reproduction, strong disease resistance, both before and after the house can be raised, but also grazing. Less investment, quick results, saving forage and convenient management are good ways to increase the supply and demand of fresh milk. The key points of dairy goat breeding [1] are introduced as follows:

(1) selection of varieties

The milk yield varies greatly with different varieties and individuals, so it is necessary to choose Saaneng varieties, Naoshan varieties or their offspring with high milk yield. Physical appearance requires head length, neck length, torso length, leg length, height, agility, liveliness and strength.

(2) raising young sheep

Newborn lambs are required to eat full colostrum, which has high nutritional value, easy digestion and absorption and immune disease resistance, and has a certain effect on the growth, development and production performance of lambs. Whole milk is the main feed for lambs from birth to 4 days old, 4 times a day. At the age of 40-80 days, milk juice and forage can be fed together, and a small amount of salt, bone soup and forage should be palatable, good quality and easy to digest. The 80-120-day-old group was mainly forage, with a small amount of supplementary milk. The sheep weaned at 120 days old were mainly raised with forage grass and a small amount of concentrate feed.

(3) Reproduction

The reproduction of goats is seasonal, and it is most concentrated in autumn. it can be mated at the age of 12-14 months, and the pregnancy period is 114-159 days, with an average of 150 days.

(4) word raising of lactating ewes

In the early stage of lactation, ewes should be fed mainly with high-quality forage grass, which can be eaten freely. On this basis, the feeding amount of concentrate and succulent feed can be flexibly mastered according to the body condition, the degree of breast expansion, the change of appetite and so on. Dairy goats reach the peak period of milk production at 30-40 days postpartum. In the stage of increasing milk production, various nutrients stored in the body continue to pay, and the body weight continues to lose. At this time, the dietary demand should be fully met. In addition to feeding high-quality hay and a certain amount of concentrate, which account for 1%-1.5% of body weight, green grass, silage and some tuber root fodder should be fed as much as possible. When the milk production decreases, the concentrate should be gradually reduced according to the fat condition. In the whole feeding process of dairy goats, adequate drinking water and salt supplement should be ensured, and salt troughs can be used to let them lick freely.

(5) milking

Scrub your breasts with hot water before each milking. Milking times should be determined according to the amount of milking, daily milking less than 3 kg milking 2 times, milking 5 kg milking 3 times.

(6) timely dried milk

When the milk yield of dairy goats decreases gradually when they are lactating for nearly 10 months, dried milk must be carried out so that the ewes can recover their body condition, ensure the fetal development of ewes and the milk yield in the next lactation period, and increase the birth weight of lambs. Dry milk can be achieved by reducing concentrate, green succulent feed, drinking water and milking times.

(7) create a suitable living environment

The sheep house is required to be warm in winter and cool in summer, fresh air, clean and dry, brush the sheep frequently, promote blood circulation, improve lactation ability and maintain dairy hygiene. Sheep should be kept in the house for 3 hours of outdoor exercise every day, and the deformed hooves should be trimmed. Prevent noise near the sheep house, prevent heat and cool down in summer and keep warm and cold in winter.