Breeding technique of Simmental cattle

Simmental has good milk and meat performance, with an average milk yield of 4000-4500kg and a milk fat rate of 3.9%. The growth rate of the cow is fast, the average daily weight gain can reach more than 1.0kg, there is more carcass meat, less fat and uniform distribution, and the dressing percentage of the bull can reach about 65% after fattening. Next, let's take a look at Simmental cattle breeding techniques.

I. preparation of enclosure

In the so-called "living in peace and happiness", the first step in the artificial breeding of Simmental cattle is to build them a comfortable home.

The basic requirements of the barn are ventilated and dry, sanitary and clean, warm in winter and cool in summer. Simmental cattle are generally raised by house feeding, and feeding and milking are carried out in the barn. It is generally designed as a semi-enclosed barn. Arrange a row of cowbeds along the longitudinal axis of the house in the barn. A playground should be set up outside the barn to allow cattle to move freely on the playground. The area of the sports ground is about 2-3 times the area of the cowshed.

Second, choose breeding cattle

After the barn is built, the breeding cattle will be introduced. The breeding cattle are selected to further improve the quality and production performance of the herd and improve the productivity of the herd. Simmental is an excellent breed of beef cattle, but it also needs to be carefully selected. First of all, depending on the size, the average height of adult bulls is 145 centimeters and that of cows is 132 centimeters. The coat is yellow, red, purple and white, and there are often strips of white on the shoulder blades and waist, and there are more white on the head, waist, legs and tail. The head is moderate in length and the horns are slender. Good combination of neck and shoulder. The chest is wide and deep, the body is cylindrical, and the back is muscular. In addition, breed bulls are required to have moderate testicles, round legs, stout limbs and strong hooves. The breast of the breeding cow is well developed, and the nipple is evenly thick and thin, basically between 2-3 cm. The second is to look at genealogy. We can judge whether the breeder cow meets the standard according to the pedigree of the breeder cow, such as pedigree, grade, body weight, parity, age and so on.

III. Management of the transition period

In order to make the newly introduced breeder cattle better adapt to the environment, we have to raise the breeder cattle for a period of time.

Supplement of salt and drinking water

For breeding cattle after long-distance transportation, they may be dehydrated and need to be replenished with some animal salt, which can be placed in a drinking tank to allow the cattle to lick freely. Breeding cattle after long-distance transportation need a large amount of water, so it is necessary to set up a sink in the circle and keep the drinking water fresh, clean and adequate.

diet

In diet, we should adhere to the principle of less feeding, feed half of the normal diet every day for two consecutive days, and then gradually increase the number of times and food intake.

Strengthen the movement

After a period of adaptive feeding, the breeder cattle gradually recover their physical strength, and then arrange a certain amount of time every day to drive the cattle out for exercise, which can enhance their physique. After a 7-day transitional period, breeder cattle can enter the daily feeding management.

IV. Daily feeding and management of breeding bulls and breeding cows

(1) feeding and management of bulls

In order to ensure that the breeding bull has a strong physique, exuberant libido, a large amount of semen and good quality, and to prolong the service life, there must be correct feeding and management methods.

The raising of breeding bulls

In raising, the first thing is to ensure the nutritional needs of breeding bulls. Adult bulls can be fed 2 kg roughage and 1 kg concentrate per 100 kg body weight twice. Feeding time: 5: 00 in the morning, 6: 00 in the morning, 4: 00 in the afternoon, 1 hour in advance in winter. When feeding, you should feed less frequently, first roughing and then fine. The concentrate formula is: corn 38%, soybean meal 30%, wheat bran 26%, fish meal 2.5%, calcium phosphate 1.5%, salt 1.5%, stone powder 0.5%. Roughage is mainly made from the mixture of dried alfalfa and Leymus chinensis. Among them, dried alfalfa accounted for 20%, northeast Leymus chinensis accounted for 80%. However, in practice, it is best to make full use of local resources to reduce the cost of feeding. In addition to feeding concentrate and roughage, in order to improve semen quality, it is best to supplement some vitamins.

For example, if you feed some fresh carrots, you can feed 0.5 kg per 100 kg of body weight every day. If there are no carrots, multivitamins can also be added, calculated as 200 grams per ton of concentrate feed. During mating, if the breeder bull is too obese, it will make it difficult to collect semen or mate. Therefore, the weight should be checked every 2-3 months to adjust the feed ratio. When the breeder bull is obese, the concentrate feed can be reduced by about 15%, roughage can be added, and the exercise amount of the breeder bull can be increased.

Management of breeder bulls

In addition to doing a good job in daily work, but also adhere to the cow body brush. Brush twice a day for 2-3 minutes each time. When brushing, it starts from the hindquarters, then to the abdomen, neck, and finally to the head, which plays a good role in promoting blood circulation, maintaining cow hygiene and safe production. Brush the cow twice a day for 2-3 minutes at a time, and repair the hooves regularly to keep the hooves clean. As long as the cow's hoof can be trimmed, not too deep, let alone damage to the blood vessels and nerves of the hoof.

In addition, trim pubic hair every semimonthly and tail hair once a month. Trim pubic hair every half month. Cut the tail hair once a month.

In addition, breeder bulls should exercise for 1-2 hours a day, which can allow them to move freely to promote blood circulation, maintain physical fitness and ensure normal production of breeder bulls. Breeder bulls exercise for 1-2 hours a day to ensure that breeder bulls can produce normally. The barn and playground should also be kept clean and dung and foreign bodies should be removed in time.