Ecological fish culture technology

Ecological fish culture is a good way of aquaculture. Ecological fish culture makes use of the material circulation and energy conversion relationship between biological and environmental factors, as well as between biological and biological factors in the aquaculture ecosystem, and makes purposeful artificial regulation and control. Establish a new ecological balance, so that natural resources can be effectively utilized to give full play to the ecological, economic and social benefits of aquaculture. Rice field fish culture technology can reduce the use of herbicides, pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the process of rice cultivation, and achieve the effect of reducing cost and pollution. it is a set of aquatic agro-ecosystem with high yield, high quality, low consumption and high efficiency. Now let's take a look at the specific breeding techniques.

Specific culture techniques of ecological fish culture

First, location: the pond is a place where fish live, and the quality of the pond conditions has a direct impact on the production of fish. when choosing pond construction, we must grasp the principle that the geographical location is wide and flat, the water source is sufficient and pollution-free fields and mountain monopolies; the drainage and irrigation of the water in the ponds is convenient, and it is not easy to flood, and at the same time, convenient locations such as good lighting, transportation and power supply are needed.

Second, planning: in the construction of ponds, planning should be given priority, and unified planning should be carried out for selected fields and mountain fields, and roads, ponds, pig pens, duck houses, goose houses, biogas ponds and other locations and living places for the staff should be planned. Road construction must be around the pond, on the one hand, to facilitate infrastructure construction, such as transport bricks, power poles, electric wires, etc.; second, to facilitate the delivery of fish feed, night patrols, observation of fish movements and fishing fashion cars. Reasonable planning of roads, pig pens, ponds, etc., is convenient for feeding fish with feed, and pig manure can all be discharged into the pond.

Third, the construction of ponds: ponds should be built in accordance with local conditions, and ponds of 3-5 mu or 8-10 mu or more can be built according to the size of the fields, or in mountain ridges, fish ponds and dams will be built along the narrow mouth of mountain ridges, and fish ponds of 10-30 mu or more can be built directly. The construction of fish ponds must be divided into duckweed ponds and fish ponds, with floating ponds accounting for 1/3 of the total fish ponds and fish ponds accounting for 2/3 of the total fish ponds; the water level depth of the ponds must not be less than 1.8m; the hillside loess must be used as the main material for the dikes and dams, and the bottom silt must be cleaned up during the construction of the dyke, with a slope of 45 degrees, and the dam construction height should reach 2 meters or more, but flood control and other problems should be taken into account. The bottom of the dam is 6-8 meters wide and the top 2-4 meters wide; if a pond of 3-5 mu is built according to the actual situation, flood discharge facilities should be built during the construction of each pond, and drainage pipes with a diameter of 20 cm should be pre-buried at the bottom, and flood discharge ditches should be built at the top of the dam on the hillside according to geographical conditions and water flow, so as to avoid unnecessary losses caused by poor management during rainstorms.

Oxygen enrichment facilities: there are two ways to increase oxygen for fish: one is to increase oxygen by electricity. 1.5 kilowatts or 3 kilowatts of aerators can be used. Each 1.5 kilowatt aerator can supply oxygen to 3 mu of pond fish, and each 3 kilowatts can supply oxygen to 10 mu of pond fish. Second, the spring water increases oxygen, and mountain spring water can be put into the center of the fish pond where there is no electricity to do oxygen-increasing facilities. The height of the oxygen-increasing pipe is 1.5-2 meters away from the surface of the fish pond. Filling it into the pond can increase oxygen. When there is no need to increase oxygen, the water is intercepted to avoid the loss of nutrients caused by too much water in the pond.

Fourth, the construction of fences: the pig pen is built in the upstream of the pond, the biogas tank is built between the pig pen and the floating pond, and the pig manure is washed directly into the biogas digester, and the biogas can be used for pig heating or human cooking and lighting, and the biogas liquid flows into the pond as duckweed fertilizer, so that the environment will not be polluted; duck houses and goose houses are built directly on the surface of floating ponds, and feces go directly into duckweed ponds, directly as duckweed nutrients. Because of the large temperature difference between day and night, duckweed grows fast, coupled with adequate fertilizer, duckweed raised in 1/3 of duckweed ponds can be used as natural feed for grass carp in 2/3 fish ponds, and the fish has no soil flavor, no pollution, and no drug residues. Fish farmed in this way can only be realized in the mainland. Fourth, duckweed: due to seasonal changes, three kinds of duckweed can be grown in duckweed ponds. The first kind of duckweed grows from April to June every year, called "seven immortal duckweed", which can raise summer flower fish fry. The second kind of duckweed grows from June to September every year. It is called "hybrid red-bottomed duckweed", which can raise more than 250 grams to 500 grams of middle fish. The third kind of duckweed, which grows from September to March of the following year, is called "Hybrid Seven-layer duckweed" and can raise more than 500g-1000 grams of large fish. We should also do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of duckweed.

5. Culture:

1. Putting in seedlings: do a good job of disinfecting the pond before putting in the seedlings. From April to May every year, high-quality fish fry and summer flowers dominated by grass carp should be put in. 1000 fish can be put into the pond per mu, and other species of fish can be released freely according to the actual conditions of the pond.

2. Duckweed: after the early fry is put into the fish pond, seven immortal duckweed is put in from 7am to 8am every day, and the fish feed containing 30% protein is added before 4pm. The growth rate and growth of the fish can be observed with floating material. Mid-and late-stage farmed fish are cast in hybrid red duckweed and hybrid seven-layer duckweed before 7-8 o'clock in the morning and 4 o'clock in the afternoon every day to ensure that the fish can be fed, but not too much.

3. The oxygen content in the pond: pay attention to observe the oxygen content in the pond every day. From May to August every year, due to the higher altitude in the mainland, the oxygen released in the fish pond water at night is relatively low, resulting in anoxia of the fish in the pond, so oxygen enrichment facilities should be used.

4. prevention work: fish culture usually has more disinfection, disease prevention, lack of pond, enemy damage, escape fish, and fish theft.

6. Fishing: when grass carp is raised to 1000-1500 grams, the density of fish in the pond is relatively high, and hanging nets are used to catch some of the fish, and the rest of the fish are reared in dry ponds before the summer flowers are put into the following year. At this time, each fish in the pond can reach 3500-5000 grams. After the fish in the pond is fished, the pond is cleared to enter the next year's culture.

Introduction to symbiotic cultivation techniques of fish and vegetables in ponds

According to the living environment, nutritional requirements and physical and chemical characteristics of fish and plants, "symbiotic ecological cultivation technology of fish and vegetables in pond" is based on two different agricultural techniques of aquaculture and vegetable cultivation through scientific ecological design. "grow vegetables without fertilization" is a new type of harmonious and cooperative symbiotic compound cultivation model of fish, water and vegetables. The symbiotic ecological cultivation technology of fish and vegetables in the pond makes use of the physiological characteristics that aquatic vegetables take root and grow in the fish culture water and need to absorb nutrients from the water. The harmful substances and wastes produced in the process of fish culture (excreta from fish culture, surplus feed, ammonia nitrogen, etc.) are transformed into nutrients for vegetable growth, and a circulation system of "fish fertilizer water-vegetable clean water-water fish culture" is formed in the pond. A harmonious symbiotic ecological balance relationship between fish and vegetables can be achieved, which can not only make the water body of fish culture be naturally purified and keep the water quality stable for a long time, but also harvest a certain amount of aquatic vegetables while raising fish. It has the advantages of purifying water, improving the quality of aquatic products, increasing vegetable income, reducing the cost of water, electricity and medicine, and landscape engineering.

How to improve the benefit of fish culture in pond

First, the introduction of new breeds. In recent years, the introduction of new species such as tilapia, freshwater white Pomfret, rainbow sea bream and river abalone has greatly improved the efficiency of pond culture.

Second, strengthen the culture technical measures, adjust the stocking mode, popularize the pond intensive culture technology, improve the yield and benefit of the traditional fish culture model, that is, with fertilization combined with water injection technology, fish yield and benefits have achieved good results.

How to make the water in the fish pond transparent and not green?

1. Engineering measures include excavation of sediment, deep aeration of water body, dilution by water injection and laying plastics on the surface of sediment, etc. Dredging sediment can reduce or even eliminate potential internal pollution sources; deep aeration can regularly or irregularly take man-made aeration for deep aeration at the bottom of the lake to supplement oxygen, so that there is no anaerobic layer between the interface between water and sediment, and the aerobic state is often maintained, which is beneficial to inhibit the release of phosphorus from the sediment. In addition, where conditions permit, injecting water with low concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen into fish ponds can dilute the concentration of nutrients.

two。 Chemical methods: this is a class of methods that include coagulation sedimentation and killing algae with chemicals. for example, there are many cations that can effectively precipitate phosphorus from aqueous solution, the most valuable of which are cheaper iron, aluminum and calcium, all of which can form insoluble precipitates with phosphate.

3. Biological measures: the use of aquatic organisms to absorb and utilize nitrogen and phosphorus for metabolic activities to remove nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from the water body. At present, some countries have begun to experiment with large-scale aquatic plant sewage treatment systems to purify eutrophic water bodies. Large-scale aquatic plants include hyacinth, Reed, narrow-leaf cattail, Canadian seaweed, seaweed, copper money and many other species, which can be selected and planted according to different climatic conditions and the nature of pollutants. The purification of water by aquatic plants is characterized by the symbiosis of plants and microorganisms in the root zone, which produces a synergistic effect and purifies sewage. Nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended particles are removed by plant direct absorption, microbial transformation, physical adsorption and sedimentation, and heavy metal molecules are also degraded.

Ecological fish culture is according to the living environment, nutritional requirements and physical and chemical characteristics of fish and plants, aquaculture and vegetable cultivation of two different agricultural technologies, through scientific ecological design to achieve "fish culture without changing water." growing vegetables without fertilization "is a new type of harmonious symbiotic compound farming model of fish, water and vegetables. Through the above introduction, I believe you have a certain understanding of ecological fish farming, hoping to learn aquaculture techniques to achieve wealth.