Technique of raising beef cattle in captivity

Captive, house feeding, i.e. no grazing, captive feeding. There are benefits of stocking, and there are benefits of captivity. Let's take a look at captive beef cattle technology.

Construction standards for cattle houses

(1) The basic requirements for the construction of cattle houses are to sit north to south, to use local materials, to be economical and practical, and to be built according to steel structures.

(2) The cowshed adopts semi-open double-row cowshed with high brick-concrete enclosing wall, brick wall thickness of 240, fully enclosed in the north and open in the south, with a total area of 304 square meters (38 meters ×8 meters), compacted plain soil, brick floor (or cement laying), reinforced concrete foundation for walkway and cement floor. The dripping slope at the top of the cowshed is generally not less than 25°, the height of front and rear eaves is 3 meters, and the foundation depth is 0.8-1.0 cm.

(3) Door and window requirements. The cowshed gate is 2.2 meters high and 1 meter wide. The north wall is equipped with 6-8 windows, 1.5 meters high and 1.5 meters wide, and the windowsill is 1.2 meters away from the ground.

(4) Beds and troughs. New bricks are laid on the cattle bed and a limit fence is arranged. The length of the cattle bed is 2.0- 2.2m, the width is 1.0- 1.2m, and the slope of the cattle bed is 2%; the concrete feeding trough is pasted with tiles at the bottom, the upper width of the feeding trough is 0.6- 0.8m, the bottom width is 0.35- 0.40m, and it is arc-shaped. The inner edge of the feeding trough is 0.35m high and the outer edge is 0.6- 0.8m high.

(5) Fecal urine ditch. The excreta ditch is located at the end of the cattle bed near the wall. The width of the excreta ditch should be appropriate for the normal width of the conventional shovel. Generally, the width is 0.25- 0.3m, the depth is 0.15 - 0.3m, and the slope is 5%.

Key points of beef fattening technology

(1) Preparation of the barn before fattening. Before fattening cattle enter the pen, spray 2% caustic soda solution or 20% quicklime solution on the ground and walls of the fattening pen, disinfect the utensils with 1% bromogeramine or 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, and set up disinfection pool at the entrance of the pen to prevent transmission of epidemic diseases.

(2) Preparation of fattening cattle. Fattening cattle were treated with anthelmintic and stomachic treatment. Cattle were sprayed with 0.3% peracetic acid solution one by one, and cattle were wiped with 0.25% wax emulsion to eliminate skin parasites. 5 - 7 mg/kg body weight of anti-worm (or 6 - 8 mg levamisole) was administered to drive out internal parasites. After 3 days of anthelmintic treatment, 60 - 80 g of artificial salt was orally administered to each head to strengthen the stomach.

(3) Fattening management. Fattening beef cattle in pen, insist on feeding 3 times in morning, middle and evening, feed forage first, feed ingredients again, and drink water finally. With crop straw, silage straw, ammoniated straw, distiller's grains, corn, sorghum, wheat, bean cake, salt, mineral additives and other feed, dry powder must be mixed wet feed. Fine and coarse materials are reasonably matched, prepared according to the proportion of different stages, and cannot be increased or decreased at will. On average, each cow was fed 6 kg concentrate and 7 kg coarse feed per day. Mildewed, deteriorated fine and coarse feed can not be fed. It is better to feed high quality forage grass under certain conditions, which can save concentrate, reduce feeding cost and increase economic benefit.

(4) Reference of diet formula for fattening beef cattle. Fattening cattle concentrate diet formula reference as follows: corn flour 35.5%, bean cake 5. 8%, distiller's grains 28.1%, hay 29.3%, salt 0.3%, compound additive 1%, or concentrate 22.4%, distiller's grains 25.1%, hay 9.1%, micro-stored straw 42.4%, compound additive 1%, which are properly selected according to different seasons. Winter to supplement the right amount of concentrate and energy feed, improve the cold resistance of fattening cattle. Frozen feed and drinking water are prohibited. In hot seasons, cold water should be given, usually 1 hour after feeding. Stick to brushing cattle once a day to promote blood circulation, stimulate appetite, and maintain the hygiene of cattle and pens. Feeding utensils should also be washed and disinfected frequently, and the feeding, drinking and rumination of cattle should be observed frequently. If there is any abnormality, the corresponding treatment should be carried out in time to prevent and control epidemic diseases.

(5) Fattening cattle are sold at the right time. When the fattening cattle are 18 to 22 months old, weigh more than 400-450 kg, have full muscles and good subcutaneous fat adhesion, and find that the feed intake of cattle gradually decreases, but still cannot recover after feeding adjustment, this indicates that this batch of fattening cattle can be sold, and it is necessary to arrange them as soon as possible to improve economic benefits.

Advantages and disadvantages of captivity

1. Cattle grow fast. Because the wandering foraging activity is reduced, the proportion of forage grass converted into beef is improved, more beef can be produced per unit of grass, the feeding period can be shortened by half, the turnover is fast, and the benefit is high.

2. More fertilizer accumulation. The average annual fertilizer accumulation of a cattle is 500kg when reared, but 1000kg when reared.

3. Fewer diseases, high survival rate of calving. Cattle due to "wind and sleep", easy to infect diseases, and it is not easy to find sick cattle in time, so calf mortality often occurs. Cattle can be carefully managed, do not drink dirty water, less chance of infection, so the mother fat young strong, survival by almost 100%.

4. Promote the restoration of vegetation, solve the contradiction between forest and animal husbandry, facilitate the commercialization of forage industry, and drive the intensive and large-scale development of herbivorous animal production.

Advantages and disadvantages of stocking

1. Slow growth and development, cattle are thinner.

2. There is no need for too much breeding management. Labor costs, feed costs reduced.

3. There is little or no prevention and control of epidemic diseases. Once an epidemic situation occurs, it is difficult to control it.

4. Not conducive to intensive and large-scale development.

5. Since stocking feeding belongs to natural grazing, cattle have more space for activities, so the meat quality will be better than that of captivity.