Breeding technique of Simmental cattle

The beef grade of Simmental cattle is significantly higher than that of ordinary beef. The meat color is bright red, the texture is fine, elastic, the marbling is moderate, the fat color is white or yellowish, the fat texture has high hardness, and the fat coverage on the carcass surface is 100%. It is difficult for ordinary beef to meet this standard.

Feeding techniques of Simmental cattle

Tethering and traction, after preventing the violence of character, a young bull about 1 year old should be fastened with a nose ring to the upper part of the bull's head, so that the bull will not feel inconvenient when eating. Breeder bulls should adhere to double-rope traction, that is, two people should be pulled on the left and right sides of the bull, people and cattle should keep a distance, and strong breeder bulls should be pulled with hooks.

In the breeding and management of bulls, exercise is an important work, proper exercise can ensure the lively behavior of breeding bulls, gentle temperament, exuberant libido, good semen quality, but also prevent the deformation of limbs and hooves and the weight of cattle. Breeder bulls must keep exercising once in the morning and once in the afternoon, and each exercise should be guaranteed for about an hour.

Skin care. The dust and dirt between the horns, forehead and neck of the bull should be brushed frequently to prevent the habit of scratching and damage. You should brush the cow every day. This is not only to maintain skin hygiene, but also to enhance the affinity between people and animals, which is conducive to its feeding and management.

Breeding bulls are often unable to breed because of hoof disease, resulting in economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to often check whether the hoof and toe is abnormal, usually pay attention to the cleaning of dirt attached to the hoof, find timely treatment of hoof disease, trim the hoof and correct the hoof shape once a year in spring and autumn.

Site selection of Simmental cattle

The choice of cattle farm site should be carefully considered, overall arrangement and more long-term planning. It must be combined with agriculture and animal husbandry development planning, farmland capital construction planning and housing construction planning, and must meet the needs of modern cattle industry. The selected site should have room for development.

1. The terrain is high and dry. The beef farm should be built in a flat place with high and dry terrain, leeward to the sun, low groundwater level, gentle slope in the north and low in the south. Must not be built in a low depression, tuyere, so as to avoid difficulties in drainage, stagnant water in flood season and cold prevention in winter.

2. The soil is of good quality. Sandy loam is the best soil. The soil is soft and permeable, Rain Water and urine are not easy to accumulate, and there is no hardening after rain, which is conducive to the cleaning, hygiene and drying of the cowshed and sports ground, and to prevent the occurrence of hoof disease and other diseases.

3. There is plenty of water. It is necessary to have sufficient water sources that meet the sanitary requirements to ensure production and daily life and drinking water for people and livestock. The water quality is good and free from poison, ensuring the safety and health of human beings and animals.

4. Rich in forage. The feed needed for raising beef cattle, especially the roughage, is too large to be transported. Beef farms should be close to straw, silage and hay resources to ensure forage supply, reduce freight and reduce costs.

5. the traffic is convenient. The purchase of frame cattle and a large number of forage, the sale of fattening cattle and manure, transport volume is very large, frequent traffic, some transport requires rain or shine, therefore, beef farms should be built near roads or railways where transportation is convenient.

6. Health and epidemic prevention. Away from the main traffic roads, village factories 500 meters away, the general traffic road 200 meters away. It is also necessary to avoid slaughtering, processing and industrial and mining enterprises that pollute beef farms, especially chemical enterprises. It meets the requirements of veterinary health and environmental hygiene, and there is no source of infection around.

7. Save land. Occupy no or less arable land.

8. Avoid endemic diseases. Human and animal endemic diseases are mostly caused by lack of soil and water quality or excessive content of certain elements. Endemic diseases have a great impact on the growth and meat quality of beef cattle, although it can be prevented, but it is bound to increase the cost. So it should be avoided as much as possible.

The configuration of Simmental cattle Farm

The configuration of buildings in the cattle farm should be in line with local conditions, easy to manage, conducive to production, easy to prevent epidemic, safety and so on. Unified planning and rational layout. The utility model has the advantages of neatness, compactness, high land utilization rate and economical investment.

1. Cowshed.

China has a vast territory, and there is a great difference in climate between the north and the south and the east and the west. The design of the cowshed in the three provinces of Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Qinghai is mainly designed to prevent cold, while the south of the Yangtze River is mainly designed to prevent heat. The form of the barn depends on the scale and mode of feeding. The construction of the cowshed should be convenient for feeding and management, daylighting, summer heat prevention, winter cold prevention and epidemic prevention. When building more than one cowshed, the long axis parallel configuration should be adopted. When the cowshed is more than 4 buildings, two rows can be arranged side by side, with the front and rear alignment at a distance of more than 10 meters.

2. Feed bank.

The construction status should be relatively moderate from each barn, and the location is slightly higher, that is, dry and ventilated, and conducive to the transportation of finished materials to each barn.

3. Hay sheds and hay storages.

Located in the downwind area as far as possible, keep a distance of at least 50 meters from the surrounding houses, built separately, not only to prevent loose grass from affecting the beauty of the cowshed environment, but also to achieve fire safety.

4. Silage cellar or silage pool.

The principle of construction and selection is the same as that of feed bank. The utility model has the advantages of moderate location and high terrain, which can prevent the pollution of sewage such as feces and urine from leaching. at the same time, it is convenient to transport and reduce labor intensity.

5. Veterinary room, sick barn.

Should be located in the cattle farm, and relatively remote corner, easy to isolate, reduce the spread of air and water pollution.

6. Offices and staff accommodation

Located in the upper limelight outside the cattle farm to prevent air and water pollution and the spread of epidemic diseases. Doormen and disinfection rooms should be set up at the entrance of the cattle farm.

Common diseases of Simmental cattle

Bovine lung disease (also known as cattle failure) symptoms: there are three clinical types.

(1) Acute septicemia type: sudden rise of body temperature to more than 40 ℃, pulse acceleration, loss of appetite, rough coat, dry nose, dyspnea, cessation of rumination, sometimes nasal juice and tears, diarrhea, feces may be mixed with fibrin and even blood, and sometimes blood may be in the urine, and usually die within 24 hours.

(2) pneumonia type: the initial manifestations were weakness, conjunctival congestion, rapid heartbeat, elevated body temperature, dyspnea, pleuropneumonia symptoms gradually obvious, nosebleed red, dry cough, chest percussion dullness, auscultation showed gong sound.

(3) Edema type: edema in front of chest and head and neck, severe cases can affect the lower abdomen, glossopharyngeal swelling, eye redness, tears, salivation, dyspnea, mucosal cyanosis, often die of asphyxia or dysentery collapse.

Prevention: strengthen feeding and management, improve the living conditions of cattle, eat and sleep well, and avoid excessive fatigue of serviced cattle. Cattle were injected with abortive aluminum hydroxide vaccine twice a year in epidemic areas for 3-5 years. Cattle introduced from non-epidemic areas should be quarantined and observed for 3 months. Only when confirmed that there was no disease, the diseased parts should not be eaten and should be burned.

Treatment: when it is found that the disease should be isolated and treated as soon as possible, 100-3 million units of penicillin are used in cattle, and calves are halved for intramuscular injection, or 10% sulfathiazol solution is injected intramuscularly twice a day. The treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is Coptis chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Rhizoma Anemarrhena, Atractylodes macrocephala, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Magnolia officinalis, Rhizoma Atractylodes, Fructus Schisandrae, Fritillaria, Ejiao, Rhizoma Alismatis, Radix Rehmanniae, 25 grams each, and hemp kernel 13 grams.

I hope the above introduction will help you to raise Simmental cattle.