The latest scientific rainbow trout culture technology

Rainbow trout is a popular spot in some tourist areas in Beijing. Due to the delicious tender meat and short production cycle, the average rainbow trout can be sold in about one kilo. How do you raise such a popular rainbow trout? let's learn about rainbow trout with Xiaobian.

The latest scientific rainbow trout culture technology

1. Stocking density, in order to achieve high yield, we must release a sufficient number of fish species. Usually during the growing period of a year, the annual production is about 3.5-5 times of the stocking capacity, and under the allowable conditions, the stocking quantity is proportional to the production capacity. Therefore, in order to achieve the scheduled annual yield, the stocking volume must reach 20-30% of the production target.

2. Feed and feed for adult fish are mainly imported fish meal, domestic fish meal, meat and bone meal, meat meal, blood meal, yeast powder, beer yeast, soybean cake, soybean meal, wheat bran, corn flour, flour foot, adding vitamins and minerals, fish oil, soybean oil and so on. The content of crude protein in feed is about 43%, crude fat about 13%, crude ash 6-12%, crude fiber 2-5%, nitrogen-free extract 20-25%, carbohydrate 20-30%, phosphorus 0.8%, calcium 0.2-0.25%, magnesium 0.1%, sodium chloride 1-2%, metabolic energy in feed should be more than 300 kcal / 100g.

Feed raw materials must ensure the quality, moldy, deteriorating feed firmly do not use.

3. Management

The main results are as follows: (1) for the management and control of water, trout water should be clean and pollution-free, the injection rate is between 10 and 15, the optimum growth temperature of cultured fish is 12-18 ℃, the annual water temperature should not be less than 10 ℃ and the highest should not exceed 22 ℃, the dissolved oxygen in water should be above 9 ℃ / L, and the minimum dissolved oxygen in pool water should not be less than 5 ℃ / L.

(2) to increase oxygen, it is necessary to increase oxygen in order to obtain as much production as possible under limited water volume. There are two measures to increase oxygen, one is the natural drop of injected water and the drop of water to increase oxygen. Another method is to use aerator to increase oxygen. The aerators used are pulp blade type, YL impeller type, turbine type, water jet type, water wheel type and so on.

(3) screening, there are obvious differences in the growth of fish in the same pond, which is a common phenomenon. If the fish that meet the commercial specifications can be sold in time or released separately through timely screening, it is beneficial to the growth of small-size fish. Screening adult fish can be screened by a horizontal filter as wide as a fish pond.

(4) feeding, using the method of hand sprinkling, large-scale manufacturers, using automatic bait feeder. The number of baits is usually twice a day. Bait to be quantitative, to prevent fish from overeating, generally up to 80% full, observation of fish feeding weakening, part of the fish away from the group, you can stop feeding, bait quantity reference table 1, bait should be uniform, as far as possible so that fish can eat enough feed, we should pay attention to reduce the waste of feed.

(5) Prevention and control of fish diseases should give priority to prevention. If effective preventive measures are taken before fish infection, the occurrence of fish diseases can be eliminated or reduced, and losses can be reduced. When fish diseases are found, certain losses will inevitably be caused. Therefore, fish diseases should be detected as soon as possible and treated in time.

Common diseases of rainbow trout

Viral diseases, IPN, IHN, VHS. Bacterial diseases include furunculosis, vibrio, Gill disease, kidney disease, intestinal disease and so on. The fish disease caused by mold is mainly water mildew. The diseases caused by parasites are: White spot disease, melon worm, third-generation worm, hookworm, fish lice and so on. There are also nutritional, liver steatosis, vitamin deficiency.

The method of treating fish disease is to take medicine internally: mix the medicine into the feed and make the medicine for feeding and external use of disinfectant: that is, stop water, semi-running water, or bath disinfection and so on.

Drugs to treat rainbow trout

Furazolidone, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides mixed with bait or bath. Mix the bait with 0.1 g of furan per kilogram of feed and 25-50 grams of chloramphenicol per kilogram of fish. Disinfect with medicine bath, malachite green 2ppm, stop water disinfection for 40 minutes, bathe with concentration of copper sulfate 1, 000 for 30 seconds. Formalin 1ram 4000 was washed for 60 minutes, trichlorfon 50 ppm for 40 minutes. In the production of bait and disinfection, be particularly careful, the dose is not enough to work, overdose will easily cause the danger of dead fish, so in weighing must be accurate, and strictly according to the instructions to add, when using disinfectant, the volume of water must be accurate, time grasp, in order to avoid unnecessary losses.

Rainbow trout habitat

Rainbow trout usually live in fresh water and like to live in cold water. 10-16 degrees is the most appropriate. 16-23 degrees will reduce their desire and ability to reproduce or hunt, and above 23 degrees will be fatal. Several species swim into the sea during the breeding season. Trout and salmon are of the same family and are closely related. Many places attach great importance to artificial breeding and raising trout. At the end of the mouth, the mouth is cleft and curved. The lips are thick and there are 2 pairs of inconspicuous short whiskers on both sides of the maxilla. Trout mainly belong to two genera, salmon and red spot salmon. The genus salmon includes salmon and several species of trout, and the red spot salmon includes several species of trout that can also be called red spot salmon.

The main difference between the two genus trout lies in the color of their bodies and the shape of the plough bones and teeth above their mouths. Red-spotted trout have red or milky spots on darker skin. The ten-day boat shape of red-spotted salmon is not straight.

Salmon trout have lighter skin, red or black spots and sparse teeth. Trout lay eggs in spring and autumn, and females dig holes in the gravel at the bottom of the river and lay their eggs in the holes. The trout that inhabit the sea will also return to the inland river to lay eggs. The hatching time is about 2 to 3 months. After the newly hatched fry leave the hole, they depend on plankton for a living. Living in rivers and lakes, generally living in slow-flowing water. It is distributed in all rivers and lakes in the north and south of China except the northwest and southwest of China.

Rainbow trout is a kind of cold water fish and one of the most widely farmed fish in the world. Rainbow trout is also the most suitable for artificial breeding because of its high yield, broad market and higher and higher economic value. Now the culture technology is getting better and better, so rainbow trout culture is developing rapidly, and the scope and output of rainbow trout culture are also increasing year by year.