Culture technology of nutria

The beaver mouse looks a bit like a mouse, but it is much bigger than a mouse. It is the largest rodent. Now many people breed, its food intake is relatively small, easy to feed, and its whole body is full of treasures, how does it breed specifically?

Culture technology of nutria

Enclosure construction

Nutria should be raised around lakes and rivers and in places rich in water sources. Rat houses are generally made of potassium asbestos shingles. There should be an open-air sports ground with an area of 1.2 meters each, and a nest should be built at one end, each occupying about 0.5 square meters. a wall 80 cm high is built around the whole enclosure, and a pool is needed for nutria swimming.

Daily feeding and management

Nutria like to eat roots, tubers and starch-rich plants, such as carrots, beets, cabbage, Shoubei, clover, peas, green corn and the tender leaves of all kinds of trees. Barley, corn, bean cakes and wheat drums can be used as fine fodder for captivity. Concentrate should also be added to a certain amount of animal feed, such as fish meal, bone meal, etc., but the total amount should not exceed 10%. The mixed concentrate of female rats during pregnancy, lactation and other periods were 150Me 200g, 25g-275g and 50g-100g, respectively. Usually feed twice a day, 50% in the morning and evening.

In summer, the water in the pool is for drinking and swimming, it should be changed frequently, every 2-3 days, and the pool and playground should be disinfected 1 or 2 times a week. Pay attention to cooling by sprinkling water in summer and cover with plastic film above the mat grass and nest in winter. If it knot in winter, the ice pool should stop releasing water to prevent the rat tail and feet from freezing. At this time should be fed with green succulent roots and stems and leaves, or in the noon temperature is relatively high when the basin to provide drinking water 1 or 2 times.

Breeding method of nutria

Mating is mainly adopted for free mating. According to the number of pairs each time, there are three ways: one-to-one breeding, one-male and multi-female breeding and multi-male and multi-female breeding.

1. A male and a female are allowed to mate the estrus female mice and transfer them to the selected breeding male enclosure, and let them mate freely. After mating, the mother mouse should be taken back to its original house and put right again the next day, so that it should be put back for 2 times for 3 times. After the male mouse has a rest for 2 hours, the second female mouse is put in to mate freely, and then returned to the original house. Rest for another 2 hours, and release the third and fourth animals. Male rats mate about 4 times a day, those who are physically strong and sexually exuberant are not more than 5 times, and those with poor physique can be arranged 3 times. In general, the male-female mating ratio is 1:4. In the process of putting it right, if it is found that some female mice are not in estrus or have passed their estrus, they should be put back to the original house for more than 20 days and then mate again in the next estrus. The advantage of this method is that the pedigree is clear and the purpose of selection can be achieved, but it is more troublesome and easy to miss, so it is suitable to be used in the breeding farm.

2. One male and more than one mother are raised and mated.

According to the selective mating scheme, 5 female mice and 1 male mouse were raised in the same enclosure and allowed to mate freely. The pregnant rats were checked regularly every month and found that the pregnant female mice were immediately removed from the large group and raised alone. Those who are not pregnant continue to stay in large groups and mate with male rats until they become pregnant. After giving birth, the female rats should be put back in a large group in time to have blood matching with the male rats, and then move back to the litter house for breast-feeding. The production practice shows that the breeding effect of this method is good, which can not only reduce the empty rate of female rats, but also make full use of the enclosure, at the same time, the pedigree is not disorderly, and a clear pedigree file can still be established.

3. Breeding in multi-male and multi-mother groups

Four male and 1520 female 3Mel mice were raised in the same enclosure and were allowed to choose and mate freely. The pregnancy of the mother mouse is checked every other day, and those who have become pregnant are removed from monoculture, and are sent back for blood matching in time after giving birth. The advantage of this method is that it can save facilities and equipment, increase the allocation rate and reduce the empty rate. However, the disadvantage is also more prominent, mainly because the pedigree of the offspring is not clear, and their blood relationship can not be clarified. At the same time, due to frequent mating of male mice, affecting semen quality and health, if there is a disease, it will also be transmitted to each other. This method is only suitable for commercial rodent farms, but not for special rodent farms.

4. Artificial assisted breeding

If some female mice do not accept mating during estrus, artificial mating should be adopted so as not to miss the estrus. The specific method is to move the female rat to the male rat playground, hold its abdomen with the left hand, hold it up slightly, then pull the tail to one side with the right hand, expose the vulva to the male rat's nose, let it smell, stimulate the male rat's libido, and facilitate mating.

Selection of nutria species

The selection of nutria directly affects the quantity and quality of reproduction, and then affects the economic benefits of production and management. For this reason, breeding rats should meet the following requirements.

1. Fine villi and pure color

Fur is the main product of nutria, and its quality directly affects the economic benefit. A good breeder should have uniform, fine and glossy velvet, and the villi on the back and abdomen should be as dense and uniform, and the coat color should be dark brown.

2. strong physique and exuberant sexual desire

Male rats should be docile, strong libido, energetic and have a good mating effect.

3. The figure is large and the shape is correct.

Breeding rats should have broad abdominal circumference, straight back, short, strong limbs, large head, wide forehead, active spirit, good physical appearance, healthy and disease-free, well developed and medium fatness. Adult male rats weigh more than 7 kg and female rats weigh more than 5 kg. First-born female mice can be selected when they reach more than 4 kilograms.

4. Strong fecundity and high survival rate

The mother mice give birth to two babies a year, each giving birth to more than 6 babies, and strong motherhood, sufficient milk, and the survival rate of giving birth is more than 90%.

Morphological characteristics of beaver

The nutria is a large rodent with a body length of 430mm, a tail length of 225mm, a weight of 5kg and a large one of 17kg. With a large head and a small nose, it can be closed in the water. The small ear has a valve, and the hair on the ear hole has a waterproof effect. The incisors are large, long and orange-red. The four feet are black, the front chest is bare, and the hind feet are molded. The male rat's penis is 4cm high and the anus is 4cm high. The female rat's vagina is close to the anal plate. There are 4 pairs of nipples in the abdomen. There are needle hairs and villi on the back. The abdominal hair is more and thicker than the dorsal hair. Black on the back, orange on the side, khaki on the abdomen.

The first step in nutria breeding is to build an enclosure, which should be chosen where there is water, because nutria like to play in the water. Then there is daily management, to master its eating habits, to feed it rationally every day. The reproduction of nutria can not be ignored.