New technology of sericulture in greenhouse

Silkworms reproduce with eggs. When the larvae grow up, they will shed their skin and then become mature silkworms. From the mature silkworms, they begin to spin cocoons and pupate. When the pupa completes its development, it will shed its pupa skin and become an adult. After the adult worm will break the cocoon into a moth, and then mate and lay eggs, this is the growth of the silkworm. How to raise silkworms? Let's take a look at it together.

New technology of sericulture in greenhouse

First, the choice of shed site is flat, the drainage is smooth, far away from rice fields, vegetable fields, orchards, and build a greenhouse closer to the mulberry garden.

Second, keep the shed dry when entering the shed, uncover the film in the new greenhouse during the day, and cover the film at night to avoid dampness in the shed. Before releasing silkworms, spread a layer of film on the ground, then spread a layer of straw on the film, and put the silkworms on the straw. 1-3-year-old co-breeding, 4-year-old 2 days or 5-year-old 2 days into the shed.

Third, the temperature regulation greenhouse is generally higher than the indoor silkworm room temperature, and the temperature difference between day and night is larger. The key point of greenhouse temperature regulation is to strengthen ventilation on the basis of cooling. The high temperature can be alleviated by the following measures:

1. Covering the sunshade roof covers the sunshade, which is beneficial to reduce the temperature in the shed. The commonly used shading objects are sunshade net and grass curtain. The cooling effect of 2 layers of sunshade net covered by the roof is better than 1 layer, the inner layer is close to the plastic film, the outer layer is about 15-20 cm away from the roof, and hangs out about 1.5-2 meters from both sides of the greenhouse, forming an outer corridor, which is more beneficial to prevent direct sunlight on both sides. According to the investigation, this method can reduce the temperature in the shed by 3-4 ℃. If the roof is covered with grass curtain, it should not be too thick to reduce the weight of the roof on rainy days. In addition, planting vines around the greenhouse and using green sunshade can effectively reduce the temperature in the greenhouse.

2. Spraying water on the roof during the period of high temperature, from 9: 00 in the morning, spraying water every one hour to about 3: 00 in the afternoon. According to the investigation, spraying water on the roof can reduce the temperature in the shed by 1-2 ℃.

3. Strengthen ventilation after sunrise on sunny days, open the film on both sides of the greenhouse for ventilation, and put down the film on both sides to keep warm in the evening when the temperature in the shed drops below the suitable temperature for feeding. When the temperature is high, ventilate day and night. Put down the sunshade net on both sides of the greenhouse on rainy days and lift the film on both sides of the greenhouse to facilitate ventilation.

4. Suitable for feeding wet leaf shed with high temperature and easy to cause mulberry leaf withering after ventilation, wet leaves can be fed at noon on a sunny day, and 0.3% available chlorine concentration bleaching powder solution is sprayed in the air to replenish moisture and prevent disease.

Fourth, mulberry breeding in the greenhouse emphasizes ventilation, and leaf cultivation is easy to cause mulberry leaves to be withered, so mulberry breeding is suitable. After silkworms enter the shed and give mulberry leaves for the second time, mulberry can be reared. Give Sang three times a day. The amount of mulberry should be given to sufficient mulberry leaves in advance according to the characteristics of high temperature and rapid development in the greenhouse. When there is about 10% residual mulberry, give the next mulberry. However, the amount and times of mulberry should be reasonably adjusted according to the development and weather changes of silkworms.

Fifth, disease prevention and pest prevention should be disinfected before sericulture according to the conventional method, and if it is used continuously in the greenhouse, the topsoil of about 10 cm should be removed before using the chemical. After disinfection, before sericulture, sprinkle a layer of chlordane powder on the ground, and then sprinkle a layer of fresh lime powder. Sprinkle more dry materials during the silkworm period. In rainy and muggy weather, fresh lime powder was used in the morning and evening to disinfect silkworm pedestal. If you enter the shed at the age of 4, you should remove the silkworm sand and clean the silkworm seat in time after feeding at the age of 5.

Sixth, the temperature in the shed is high at the right time, and the silkworms will mature quickly, so the preparation work should be done in advance. One day before ripening, the leaves were fed, and the silkworm seat was filled with short straw, and the silkworm fly body was sprayed once at the same time. Start releasing silkworms when you see about 5% ripe. Sprinkle 1 layer of fresh lime powder before placing silkworm eggs and feed the leaves once more. We should pay attention to avoid overcooked cocoon, otherwise, it will cause a large number of cooked silkworms to camp cocoons in the silkworm seat and suffer losses; we should also pay attention to shading to avoid excessive light and increase the loss of cocoons in silkworm seats.

Preparation before sericulture

Silkworm farmers should make preparations in the following four aspects before raising silkworms.

1. Report the number of silkworms

The new mulberry households can be counted when the mulberry is about 0.7 meters high, the first batch of silkworms in the old households in spring and autumn are about 0.5 meters high, and the other batches are counted under the Bombyx mori Times. A piece of silkworm needs 450 kilograms of mulberry leaves, about 25 days from reporting to receiving silkworms.

2. Silkworm room

The silkworm room requires that the ground is flat and clean, with convection windows in front and back, and it is best to open floor windows. The doors and windows should be fitted with screen to prevent flies, and the floor windows should be equipped with barbed wire to prevent rats. Both the greenhouse and the cement house are available (it is best to use a cement house in cold weather and a greenhouse in hot weather). It takes about 30 square meters of sericulture area and 10 square meters of special mulberry leaf room to raise a piece of silkworm.

3. Silkworm utensils and medicines

One piece of silkworm should prepare the following silkworm utensils and medicines: 20 silkworm bumps with a width of 0.8m ①. ② picked four leaf baskets with a film of about 20 square meters. 2-3 pairs of ③ slippers are placed in silkworm room and mulberry leaf room respectively. A number of ④ red bricks, mainly on the ground when sericulture is convenient to feed silkworms, generally put 2 rows of bricks in each room to facilitate walking back and forth. ⑤ silkworm room disinfection special bucket 2, sprayer 1, must not use pesticide bucket and sprayer disinfection silkworm room. There were 260 ⑥ squares. About 60 kilograms of ⑦ lime, sprinkle a small amount of water 3 days before leading the silkworm.

4. Disinfection

Disinfection is the premise of preventing and controlling silkworm disease and ensuring high yield and high quality of sericulture. The first batch of disinfection should be completed within 1 week before leading the silkworm. First, thoroughly clean the silkworm room, mulberry leaf room and the surrounding environment, silkworm tools can be exposed to the sun, and then disinfect the silkworm room and silkworm tools. At present, the best medicine is metoprolol. The preparation method of Xiaoteling is as follows: first crush the main agent, stir it into a paste with a small amount of water, and then pour in 25 kg of water, then add an auxiliary agent to stir slightly and clarify it for 15 minutes. Use a special sprayer to disinfect the silkworm room and all silkworm utensils. Disinfection should be comprehensive and thorough. Indoor walls and floors should be sprayed evenly, and doors and windows should be closed and kept moist for 1 hour after spraying. After the disinfectant is dry, repeat disinfection once according to the above method. The effect of immersion and disinfection of film, shoes, silkworm wares and so on is better. After disinfecting the silkworm room twice, open the doors and windows, pay attention to the sterilized silkworm room can not put unsterilized things.

How to save mulberry in sericulture

Under normal circumstances, sericulture requires 15 kilograms of mulberry leaves for every 1 kilogram of cocoon. After taking measures to save mulberry, about 50 kg of mulberry can be saved per piece of silkworm eggs, while the yield and quality of cocoons can not be affected at all. The measures to save mulberry are as follows:

⒈ mulberry leaves should be collected, transported and stored reasonably. Try to pick leaves in the morning or evening, pick and transport with them, loose and fast. The collected mulberry leaves are loosened and put into mulberry ponds or mulberry storage rooms for reasonable storage to prevent wind blowing or accumulation of heat and deterioration, resulting in waste of mulberry leaves.

⒉ prevents mulberry leaves from withering. The young silkworm is nurtured with Kang bed (room) and covered with plastic film to keep the mulberry leaves fresh. After feeding silkworms in the big silkworm period, close the doors and windows properly, wait for about 70% of the mulberry leaves to be eaten, and then open the doors and windows for ventilation, which can effectively prevent mulberry leaves from withering.

⒊ ensures the temperature of the silkworm room. The suitable temperature for big silkworm and young silkworm is 24 ℃ and 25 ℃ respectively. In the range of suitable temperature, the appetite of silkworm is strong, the residual mulberry leaves are reduced, and the conversion rate of silk is increased.

⒋ promotes less rearing and mulberry rearing. The labor-saving sericulture techniques, such as one-day three-dimensional rearing of young silkworms, two-time rearing of full-age silkworms and mulberry rearing of large silkworms, not only improve the efficiency of sericulture, but also help silkworms eat mulberry, saving about 5% of mulberry leaves compared with ordinary rearing.

⒌ plans to use mulberry and ration mulberry. According to different silkworm age by age, day by day, back to formulate the standard amount of mulberry, so that "silkworm full food is not wasted, save mulberry is not hungry silkworm". At the beginning and end of each instar, the amount of mulberry eaten is reduced, and the leaves should be fed properly at this time. During the feeding period of 5-year-old silkworm, silkworms should be fully fed, but the maximum amount of mulberry per day should be controlled within 110 kg.

⒍ was fed with ecdysone. Silkworms see ripe about 5%, each species use a molting hormone, 25 kg of water, mixed with 20 kg of mulberry leaves, once eaten by silkworms, can promote silkworms to mature together, each species can save about 10 kg of mulberry leaves.

The living habits of Silkworm, Bombyx mori

The silkworm is an abnormal insect, the most common of which is the silkworm, also known as the silkworm, which is one of the economic insects that spin and cocoon on mulberry leaves. Bombyx mori originated in China. The development temperature of silkworm is 7: 40 ℃, and the optimum temperature for rearing is 20: 30 ℃. Baby silkworms live on mulberry leaves. After eating mulberry leaves constantly, the body becomes white. After a period of time, it begins to peel. Desquamate for about a day, such as sleep do not eat and do not move, this is called "dormancy". After a peeling, it is the second instar larva. Even if the peeling is increased by one year, the larvae will peel four times to become the fifth instar larvae, and then eat mulberry leaves for 8 days to become mature silkworms and begin to spin cocoons.

In the past, sericulture was all in the house, but now there is a greenhouse culture, which reduces a lot of costs. Especially in hot weather, it is more suitable for sericulture in greenhouse. The greenhouse is relatively ventilated. The preliminary preparation of sericulture is also very critical, and good preparation is beneficial to the later stage of sericulture.