Scientific beekeeping technology

Now what do you want to pay attention to science, now the science is more and more developed, only believe that science can keep up with the pace of modern times. Beekeeping was raised a long time ago. Beekeeping used to be a soil method, and the yield of honey was not very high. Nowadays, the mass production of honey raised scientifically is much higher. Let's take a look at scientific beekeeping.

Scientific beekeeping technology

I. site selection

There should be sufficient main and auxiliary nectar sources within a radius of 2 or 5 km around the site, and the main and auxiliary nectar sources should be matched properly. The site should choose southward near mountain slopes, with sufficient sunshine, high mountains as the screen, natural shade, south wind in summer, north wind in winter, fertile soil, exuberant growth of honey plants, long flowering period, sufficient water, and convenient transportation.

Second, the selection and purchase of bees

The main results are as follows: 1. The purchase time should be from April to May in the north, when the bee colony breeding period, the selection is relatively stable, and the external environment is good, breeding is easy to be successful.

2. Selection method: observe at the door of the nest, such as worker bees go in and out diligently and collect a large proportion of bee pollen, which is generally a good group with vitality. Open the box again to check, if the worker bee is quiet and does not panic, it shows that the temperament is docile; if the queen bee is big, thick, tall, wide chest, long and plump abdomen, the whole body is densely covered with fluff, and the spawning is flexible and rapid without panic, indicating that the queen bee is young and strong, and has strong spawning power.

3. The arrangement of bee colony: it depends on the size of the site, the number of beekeeping and the season. There are four kinds of arrangement: single-box arrangement, double-box arrangement, staggered arrangement and three-box arrangement.

3. Feeding

1. Subsidized feeding: that is, artificial feeding when there is a lack of honey. The methods are as follows: ① supplementary feeding honey. It can be diluted with honey with warm water (crystalline honey, which needs to be boiled and dissolved slightly). Diluted honey can be fed with spleen or poured into a frame feeder to feed bees. ② was supplemented with syrup. Syrup is 50% white sugar with water, fully dissolved after heating and cooled to a mild temperature. It is best to add 0.1% citric acid to the syrup to facilitate digestion and absorption. Brown sugar should not be used at this time.

2. Reward feeding: artificial feeding during the colony breeding period and bee production period is generally given a small amount of 60% honey or 50% syrup, once every other day in early spring, and the consumption can be increased once a day, starting from the first 40 days of the nectar period. until a large amount of honey powder is collected from the outside world. Each bee can be rewarded with 50 grams of syrup each time.

3. Feeding pollen: the purpose is to supplement protein feed. In the late overwintering and early spring, the pollen preserved in the autumn of the year before replenishment can also be replaced by soybean powder. The feeding method is as follows: ① liquid feeding. Add 10 times the pollen to the syrup, bring it to a boil, let it cool and feed it in a feeder. ② cake. Hello. Add the same amount of honey or syrup to the pollen or substitute pollen, stir well, make a cake, wrap the plastic paper, open at both ends, and place it on the frame beam for bees to feed. This method is often used in cold snap.

4. Feed water and salt: generally, each colony needs to collect 200 million 300 milliliters of water a day, hold water in the feeder or put wet towels on the gauze cover for self-water collection, and add 1% salt to the syrup.

IV. Management

1. Spring management: ① promotes bee flight and excretion. When the temperature in the center of the nest is raised to 3335 ℃, there are enough honey and powder sources or reward feeding, open the lid and heat preservation in time, and make it fly out of the nest for excretion. The heat preservation of ② hive. Enter the breeding period immediately after excretion, must keep warm artificially, tighten the beehive, dense colony potential. Many groups are raised in the same box, insulated inside and outside the box, until April to May in the north.

2. The management of the nectar period: adjust and organize the honey gathering group in the initial stage of ①. ② maintains a strong group to collect honey. To control the queen bee to lay eggs, the queen bee can be restricted to one area of the nest box or in the nest box with the king partition board. Five days before the honey-gathering period, the queen bee and two nesting spleen bees can be put forward to form another small group, and the honey-collecting group can be induced into a mature royal platform the next day, which can greatly increase the honey yield. Pay attention to the management of small groups. For those weak groups who cannot collect honey, conditions should be created to promote the rapid development of the group situation. Under the premise of properly collecting honey, it is necessary to do a good job of reproduction in order to supplement the population potential.

3. Autumn management: ① cultivates new kings and replaces old and inferior kings. The appropriate age overwintering bees were bred by ②. The suitable age overwintering bee refers to the young bee that comes out of the house before overwintering, has only carried out two or three times of excretion and flight, has not done the feeding and collection work, and has not secreted royal jelly. In order to make the overwintering bees survive the winter safely, the birth of the young bees born after the nectar period must be controlled to protect the colony potential. The method of control is to force the queen bee to stop laying eggs at a certain time during the nectar period. ③ was cut off early in time. In the later stage of cultivating overwintering bees, honey powder should be used to press the spleen and pour honey for 2 or 3 times, so that the queen bee will stop production, at the same time, the colony will be moved to a cold place, the bee will be slightly doubled, and the pollen spleen can be removed from the hive.

4. Winter management: ① regulates the nest door. The nest door is 6-7 mm high and 60-70 mm wide. ② prevents honey crystallization. Strengthen heat preservation, or stuffing some wet cotton balls into the box from the nest door to reduce ventilation. ③ overwinters indoors in the north. Should enter the house before the water freezes and the ground is not covered with snow. When entering, the beehive should be 20 cm away from the wall and 40 cm from the ground on the first floor. The room temperature is kept at 0 ℃ and the humidity is kept between 75% and 80%.

Why don't bees sting beekeepers?

Bees will sting no matter who, it does not sting beekeepers, because beekeepers for a long time contact with bees, adapt to the smell of beekeepers, so do not sting beekeepers. If the beekeeper eats spicy food such as onions and garlic, the bee will sting him, and if the beekeeper washes his face with soap, the bee will sting him, too.

How to prevent bee stings

Bee stings are a self-defense instinct of bees, which can cause bee stings when the management is rough, or when standing in front of the beehive, blocking the way of the bee, or when the beekeeper smells bad. Bee stings are not harmful to people. In case of accidental stings, don't shoot nervously with your hands. Use your fingernails calmly to scrape off the stings. Do not pull thorns with your hands, so as not to cause more venom to enter the skin. The stung area can be washed with water. Then apply a little ammonia or soapy water.

How to harvest honey

1. The suitable container honey is a weakly acidic liquid and should be stored in a non-metallic container, such as a wooden bucket or jar. The container should be clean and hygienic, wash and dry thoroughly, without peculiar smell. The storage of honey should not be too full, especially leave a gap of 25% to 30% during transportation, so as to prevent the container from bursting when the honey fermentation overflows or is heated and oscillates, causing losses. Honey should be kept in a dry, clean, ventilated and odorless room at room temperature for 5: 10 ℃.

2. There are different kinds of honey stored in different varieties, such as Ziyun honey, rape nectar, citrus nectar, loquat nectar, jujube nectar and so on. Each kind of honey has its own characteristics and flavor, suitable for the needs of all kinds of consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to store the varieties in order to maintain their characteristics and prevent mixing.

3. The way to keep the honey clean is to put the honey in a higher vat and settle it in a hot, dry room. The precipitation time depends on the temperature, usually 3 days at 20 ℃ and only 10 hours at 35 ℃, when the sundries with a large proportion sink, the pure honey floats on the upper layer, and the pure honey can be fished out and stored.

4. To prevent the existence of yeast in fermented honey, immature honey contains a large amount, which is the most suitable for the growth of yeast. Therefore, it needs to be treated before storage. Put the honey into a large-mouth container and leave it in a dry, ventilated room with a temperature above 25 ℃ for a few days. The excess moisture can be evaporated and stored after it is fully ripe.

5. The moisture absorption ability of honey is very strong, even mature honey will absorb moisture and ferment, so the storage container should be sealed and placed in a dry, ventilated room with a room temperature of 5: 10 ℃. Articles with strong gases should not be placed indoors to prevent honey from absorbing odors.

6. the honey after crystallization is beneficial to storage and transportation. in order to speed up the crystallization, about 0 or 5% of the old honey can be trapped in the honey. But the honey that supplies the market, must keep the appearance transparent, fluid state. The thawing of the crystalline honey can be heated with a double pot, that is, the outer layer is filled with water and the meat layer is filled with honey. when the temperature reaches 71 ℃, keep it for a few minutes and then remove the fire and rest for 1 day, you can put away the surface foam, put it into a sterilized glass bottle and sell it tightly.

7. The shelf life of honey at present, the state stipulates that the shelf life of bottled honey is 18 months. But the bees with high mature concentration can also be preserved for many years.

Scientific beekeeping has certain requirements for site selection, higher feeding requirements and better management. If you pay more attention to each step, you will save a lot of trouble later. Bees usually do not sting beekeepers. If beekeepers block bees, they will still sting people.