Is Sturgeon easy to raise?

Artificial cultured Sturgeon needs to create a suitable living environment, the growth water temperature is 20-24 ℃, the PH value is between 7.2-8, the transparency is 20-40cm, and the dissolved oxygen content is 6-8mg/L. Do a good job in the cultivation and cultivation of fish fry, timely domestication and re-export. Provide high-quality protein feed, fixed-point and fixed-point feeding.

Sturgeon has strong adaptability and can be cultured successfully in cages and ponds. According to the foreign culture experiments and the physiological characteristics of Sturgeon, whether in the running water under the dam, large water surface culture and factory culture are very promising. However, the artificial cultured Sturgeon has higher requirements for the water environment, so it is necessary to adjust the water quality, do a good job in the cultivation of fish fry, master the nutrients needed by Sturgeon, timely switch to food domestication, and reasonably control the amount of bait. feed according to the principle of "timing, fixed point and quantity".

I. the choice of culture environment

Because the environmental conditions of artificial culture are quite different from those of natural living environment, the environmental conditions such as temperature, light and water flow can be artificially controlled, and then the gonads of Sturgeon can be matured by physiological induction and fed with artificial pellet feed at the same time.

The water quality and environmental requirements of cultured Sturgeon are relatively high, and the dissolved oxygen content needs to be between 6 and 8mg/L. The rectangular fish pond with an area of 3-5 mu is the most suitable, and there should be a good inlet and drainage system in the pond, the depth of the pond is about 2m, and the silt at the bottom is less than 10cm. If the aquaculture pond is a cement running pool, its area is 50-300 meters.

The pond needs to be disinfected with 10 kg / mu of quicklime before stocking, and then the dry pond is exposed to the sun. The pond was injected with water 2 weeks before stocking, and the water depth was about 2m. The size of Sturgeon determines the stocking density. Generally, 500 fry with sizes of 300-500 grams per mu are released.

. The survival water temperature of Sturgeon is 1-30 ℃, but the most suitable water temperature for commercial Sturgeon growth is 20-24 ℃, and the summer temperature is higher. When the pond water temperature exceeds 26 ℃, fresh water should be injected in time. The air temperature is relatively low in autumn and winter, and the water temperature should not be lower than 4-6 ℃.

Second, cultivate fish fry

Sturgeon migration begins in spring and ends in autumn every year. Sturgeon migrating in spring spawn in the same year, while Sturgeon migrating in autumn spawn in the following year. The first sexual maturity of male fish is generally 9-11 years old, and that of females is 11-13 years old, with a spawning cycle of 4-6 years.

The growth rate of Sturgeon is very fast, and the newly hatched spray can reach 7-10cm after a month of culture. Under the right conditions, the species weighing 100-150 grams in early spring can reach the commercial fish weighing 0.75-1 kg after 9-10 months.

A square cement pool or a pool made of a circular glass cylinder can be used as a nursery pond. The diameter of the fish pond is 3-5m, the depth is 1.5m, the slope of the bottom of the pond is 6-8%, the wall and bottom of the cement pond need to be tiled, and the water depth is 0.6-0.9m. Select water quality with PH value between 7.2and 8, transparency of 20-40cm, no pollution of river water, precipitation and filtration before use.

The water temperature is controlled between 20-29 ℃. When the water temperature is higher than 32 ℃ or lower than 10 ℃, adjust the temperature with deep well water or boiler water, and use an aeration pump to make the dissolved oxygen content in the water above 6mg/L. The water into the pond adopts the way of spraying and direct water injection, and the drainage mode is the central overflow discharge. According to the situation of fish fry and water quality, the bottom is sucked and discharged once every 2-3 days, and the pond is washed every 7-10 days to remove dead fish and other pollutants in time.

Fish fry can choose Sturgeon which has a tail weight of 5-10 grams and a body length of 10-15cm and has been domesticated. The newly hatched Sturgeon larvae have great changes in body shape and behavior, which is in the stage of transfer from body surface and yolk respiration to Gill respiration, which requires adequate oxygen.

III. Nutritional requirements of feed

Sturgeon is a carnivorous fish, mainly intake of animal protein-based protein sources, the most suitable artificial feed protein range of 35-49%. The fat content in juvenile fish feed is about 9%, and the most suitable oil for Sturgeon is fish oil, followed by soybean oil and corn oil.

Fatty fish have a very high ability to use fat, with fat digestibility and feed efficiency as high as 90%, while Sturgeon is likely to exceed 95%. The digestion coefficient of sugar Sturgeon to sugars such as maltose, glucose and galactose can reach more than 95%.

Mineral and vitamin Sturgeon feed added compound vitamin content is about 1-2%, compound inorganic salt content is 1-3%, choline is about 0.5%.

IV. Feeding and management methods

Sturgeon's food inertia is very strong, it will refuse to eat unfamiliar food. If it starts with eating water fleas and water earthworms, it will take a certain period of time to domesticate before switching to formula feed. Sturgeon's response is relatively slow, rarely affected by the outside world. In the process of breeding, it rarely does strenuous activity, and there is no other exercise except swimming along the wall and bottom of the pool, so it consumes very little energy in the exercise.

In order to improve the survival rate of fish fry, appropriate opening bait can be fed at the stage when the mixed nutrition of yolk sac has not been absorbed. The fry in this period are in the passive feeding stage, so it is necessary to ensure that there is a certain density of bait in the water, which can increase the survival rate.

The feeding principle of "timing, fixed point and quantity" is adopted, and the daily feeding rate is 3%. As the fish grows up, slowly reduce the feeding rate, when the fish reaches more than 1 kg, the daily feeding rate can not exceed 1%. Sturgeon is afraid of light and can be fed once at dawn and dusk every day. In order to accelerate the growth rate of Sturgeon and improve the anti-stress and immune ability of Sturgeon, fresh water fish need to be fed with multi-dimensional, enzyme preparation and fish health No. 2 every half month.

At the beginning of feeding, you can choose live baits such as live water earthworms or zooplankton sold on the market, disinfect them with potassium permanganate or salt, and then feed them for 3 times a day. When the body length of Sturgeon is 4-9cm and the body weight is 1-4 grams, it is necessary to complete the food habit domestication from live bait to formula feed. In the process of domestication, soft pellet formula feed was used in the early stage, and hard particle formula feed was used in the later stage.

Common types of fish diseases

1. Bacterial enteritis. The disease usually occurs at the adult stage and is characterized by abdominal and oral bleeding, redness and swelling of the anus and weight loss of the fish. It can be cured by continuous feeding with 0.2% bait containing dysentery for 5-6 days.

2. Fatty liver. Fish with fatty liver do not have obvious body surface symptoms, but there will be slow growth, loss of appetite, low feed pay and other undetectable phenomena, rarely causing death.

There are many factors causing fatty liver in fish, mainly including improper matching of feed formula with nutrition standards of farmed objects, deficiency or excessive addition of main feed components such as protein, sugar and fat, excessive addition of oil in feed, deficiency or overuse of some vitamins, long-term or excessive use of antibiotics and pesticides and chemical synthetic drugs, toxic substances in water, and so on.

The emergence of this situation is that in order not to feed corrupt and deteriorated feed, to use drugs scientifically, not to misuse or abuse drugs, and not to add drugs to feed for long-term use, we can appropriately add some substances that are conducive to lipid metabolism, such as VB, VE, choline chloride and so on.

3. Hepatic congestion and hepatic hematoma. There is no abnormality on the body surface of the diseased fish. if you dissect it, you can see hepatomegaly, and there are red spots and erythema on the liver. in severe cases, it is red, fuchsia or brown. The abnormal performance of diseased fish is lack of vitality, body color becomes gray, food intake is significantly reduced or stop eating, body weight is thin, and it is very easy to be infected with infectious diseases. Under the action of pathogenic substances, the liver tissue has been seriously affected, resulting in liver insufficiency.

The occurrence of hepatic hematoma and hepatic congestion is generally caused by some drugs and poisons, or caused by steatosis, which is caused by the same factors as fatty liver. If it can be diagnosed and relevant treatment measures can be taken, liver tissue lesions can be effectively controlled.

VI. Prevention and control of epidemic diseases

Sturgeon has strong disease resistance and low incidence. In the process of breeding, prevention should be given priority to and treatment should be supplemented. Only by doing a good job in the prevention and prevention of ice and ice, we can basically put an end to the occurrence of fish disease. The combination of bait feeding and water disinfection can be used for prevention. 20 kg / mu of quicklime is regularly used to sprinkle the whole pool, which can kill bacteria and improve water quality.

The whole pool of trichlorfon of 0.4mg/L can kill the ring worm, the third generation of trichlorfon and the larva of auxiliary cephalophora. The first two times of bait each month, and the last one is non-drug bait, which accounts for 0.5% of the bait weight, and the drugs are furacilin and oxytetracycline. If the two are used alternately, the effect will be more significant.