Planting techniques of traditional Chinese Medicine

The cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine mainly includes five processes: plot selection, reproduction, field management, pest control and harvest. The reproduction methods of different Chinese herbal medicines will be different, for example, some Chinese herbal medicines are propagated by seed sowing, some are propagated by stem blocks, but the follow-up management technology is the same.

1. Select a place

The loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, strong ability of water and fertilizer conservation, rich in humus, good drainage conditions and certain irrigation conditions should be selected for planting.

two。 Soil preparation and fertilization

Deep ploughing to improve soil, formula fertilization, increasing the application of organic fertilizer medicinal materials deep into the ground, especially root medicinal materials, the root depth can reach 50cm. In order to enhance the ability of soil water and fertilizer conservation, expand the absorption range and growth space of roots, and promote the high yield and high quality of medicinal materials, large-scale deep ploughing should be carried out after selecting good plots, breaking the bottom of the plough, deepening the living soil layer, and achieving deep ploughing and fine ploughing. The whole ploughing layer is transparent, fine, flat and solid. Combined with soil preparation, the depth of the whole plough layer is not lower than that of 30cm, which not only deepens the living soil layer, but also facilitates drainage, and ensures the stable fertilization of medicinal plants of traditional Chinese medicine should grasp the following principles:

① is mainly farm manure, combined with chemical fertilizer.

② base fertilizer is the main base fertilizer, and topdressing fertilizer is applied properly.

③ was fertilized with the formula of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Base fertilizer can be combined with deep ploughing and fully mature circle fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer 4.5 × 10 ~ 6 × 10kg/hm2, calcium superphosphate 750kg/hm2, ammonium sulfate 300kg/hm2. Topdressing during the growing period should be carried out according to the growth period and the development of medicinal parts. In general, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to promote stem and leaf growth, and attention should be paid to the supply of nitrogen-based comprehensive nutrition during the fruit setting period; in the expansion period of medicinal parts, the amount of potassium fertilizer should be increased on the basis of increasing nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer.

3. Breeding method

(1) Medicinal materials for seed direct seeding

First, we should do a good job of sowing seeds with adequate moisture, which is the key to ensuring that the whole seedling is sown. Soil moisture insufficient land to achieve soil moisture sowing, to ensure that the whole seedling, seedling Qi, seedling uniform, seedling strong.

Second, strict control of sowing rate, sowing rate is too large, not only waste seeds, but also easy to produce old and weak seedlings, the growth weakens in the later stage, affecting the yield. Generally, it is appropriate to arrange the sowing amount according to 5-6 times the number of plants left.

(2) Medicinal materials for seedling cultivation and transplanting

① should pay attention to the cultivation of high-quality seedlings. Strong seedlings can be cultivated by selecting suitable seedling bed, grasping seedling raising period, selecting full mature seeds or strong growing plants, picking enough fertilizer, sowing or planting and so on. The method of "autumn education and spring cutting" is generally selected in production.

The transplanting time of ② is strict. The time of transplanting has a great influence on the production of medicinal materials, and it is easy to be damaged by freezing too early, but if it is too late, the growth period will be shortened and the yield will be affected, so it is generally appropriate to start transplanting in the first and middle of April.

③ did a good job in seed and seedling classification. Planting separately to prevent large seedlings from bullying small seedlings, resulting in uneven growth and affecting yield.

④ 3.2.4, strictly control the transplanting density. If the seedlings are too sparse, the insufficient population will affect the yield; if the seedlings are too dense, it is easy to cause field depression and even lodging in the later stage, affecting the yield and grade. In production, the appropriate transplanting density should be grasped according to the growth habits and seedling size of medicinal materials.

4. Field management

The main results are as follows: (1) set the seedlings and keep the strong seedlings to ensure that the whole seedlings are uniform and strong from June, do a good job of ploughing and weeding, reduce the unnecessary consumption of nutrients and reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests.

(2) Scientific topdressing, rational drainage and irrigation

Topdressing, drainage and irrigation were carried out in time according to the growth of medicinal materials and soil quality. The time of topdressing: the first topdressing was carried out at the beginning of seedling growth in spring, 2 or 3 times of long fertilizer was applied during the peak growth period of medicinal materials from June to August, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied at the beginning of October to promote the transport of nutrients and promote the development and enrichment of roots. After entering the flood season, strengthen the management of drainage facilities, timely drainage to prevent waterlogging. For the medicinal materials that need to overwintering, the soil should be cultivated in the roots at the beginning of October to facilitate the overwintering of the rhizomes.

(3) do well the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Underground pests can be controlled by spreading "812" or trichlorfon before planting. Low toxicity and low residue pesticides should be selected for the control of aboveground pests to reduce drug residues and ensure quality. The disease mostly occurs in the summer high temperature and rainy season, pay attention to timely drainage and waterlogging prevention, reduce humidity. In the early stage of the disease, carbendazim and mancozeb were used for timely prevention and treatment.