Planting and Management Technology of Cotton

As we all know, cotton is one of the most important crops, which involves people wearing clothes to keep warm. At present, cotton planting areas in China are widely distributed and the yield is high. So, what is the planting and management technology of cotton?

First, seed selection and seed drying

Suit measures to local conditions, tailor clothes, according to soil fertility and their own management level, select suitable planting varieties. In principle, the criteria are: precocious, non-premature senility, strong disease resistance and high yield. The seeds were dried 15 days before sowing. The method is to spread the cotton seeds on the drying mat or dry hard ground for 3-5 days to break the dormancy period of the seeds and effectively improve the germination rate of the seeds.

II. Land selection and preparation

The planting soil should be fertile and well ventilated. Before planting, plough the land and apply sufficient base fertilizer, implement the soil testing formula fertilization technology, and determine the fertilizer allocation, ratio and fertilization amount according to the local soil fertility level and target yield.

Third, sowing seeds

Sowing at the right time is a key measure to ensure steady plant growth, early budding and flowering, and is beneficial to early maturity, high quality and high yield of dry cotton. Generally speaking, it is suitable to sow seeds when the ground temperature of 5cm passes steadily through 16C, and the time is about April 20th.

Select precision seeder, general conventional cotton machine sowing mu seed amount 1~1.5kg, hybrid cotton machine sowing mu seed amount 0.6kg. Cotton cotyledons are hypertrophic, the top soil capacity is poor, and the sowing depth is generally controlled by 3~4cm. Sowing too deep, top soil difficult, low temperature, slow emergence, nutrient consumption, thin seedlings, and even cause rotten seeds, rotten buds, lack of seedlings; sowing too shallow, easy to dry, will also cause lack of seedlings and broken ridges.

IV. Field management

1. Inter-seedling fixed seedling

When the first true leaf time seedling appears and 3 true leaves appear, the seedling is fixed.

two。 Ploughing and loosening the soil

Especially after rain, ploughing and loosening the soil in time, breaking the consolidation, dispersing soil moisture and raising temperature can effectively restrain the occurrence of seedling disease. Generally, the depth of intertillage does not exceed 5cm.

3. Pruning

Bud stage: reasonable pruning according to different planting density. For conventional cotton with a density of about 3000 plants per mu, when fruit branches and leaf branches are seen, the leaf branches should be removed, but the large leaves in the lower part of the main stem should be retained, and 1 or 2 leaf branches should be left where there are missing seedlings and broken ridges. In the cotton field with a density of 2500 to 2800 plants per mu, simplified pruning can be adopted, leaving 1 to 3 leaf branches, which can not only make full use of space, but also plant peaches early and prevent excessive vegetative growth. Hybrid cotton can not be pruned because of large row spacing and small number of plants, so 3-5 leaf branches are reserved.

At flowering and boll stage, there were 14 fruit branches per plant in conventional cotton and 16 fruit branches per plant in hybrid cotton. The empty trees and branches should be pulled out in time to prevent the loss of soil nutrients and improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field.

Hit the heart, go to the edge of the heart: usually on July 15-20, when a single plant reaches 14 fruit branches, it will not exceed the Beginning of Autumn at the latest. On August 10, take off the edge, wipe the superfluous buds, remove the empty branches, and strive to reach the waist of the peach and the top of the autumn peach.

4. Water and fertilizer management

It should be flexibly mastered according to cotton variety characteristics, growth, soil moisture, planting density and so on. Rain Water is diligent, the rainfall is heavy, the plant grows. The vigorous suitable period is early spraying, the weather is dry, the dwarf plant is suitable for late spraying. The general cotton field begins spraying at budding stage. According to the principle that the dosage is from less to more, the amount of ketamine used per mu is 1g in budding stage, 2g in full bud stage, 3G in flower and boll stage and 45g in flower and boll stage.

If you want to have a high yield of cotton, it is very important to choose good varieties. In addition, field management is also a very key work.