Planting techniques of Coffee

Coffee is a favorite drink for many people. Coffee trees are widely planted all over the world and are native to the tropical and subtropical regions of northern and central Africa. It is a horticultural perennial cash crop. So, what are the techniques for growing coffee?

I. selection of sites

The hillside land with convenient transportation, close to water source, loose and fertile soil, deep soil layer, good drainage, close to the plantation and soil pH value of 5.5-6.5 is selected as the nursery, and it is not suitable to raise seedlings directly under trees.

2. Seed selection and nursery

The selection of small-grain coffee requires that the fully mature fruit with 2 seeds, which is of the same size, normal shape and 2 seeds, should be picked from the excellent mother tree which has been put into production for more than 5 years, has strong growth and high resistance, and has more than 1kg per plant and is free of diseases and insect pests. Avoid direct exposure to the sun, dry for 1 or 2 days, pick out impurities and sow.

Third, sprouting

The selected seeds were peeled, degummed and dried in the shade, and then germinated. Coffee germination is usually accelerated by the sand bed method, that is, in the nursery in the appropriate position to build a germination bed, the specification is unlimited length, wide 100cm, deep 8cm, open into a low groove, the trough covered with clean fine sand 5cm, sand bed made into a tray shape, the treated seeds are evenly scattered on the sand surface, sowing rate 0.5kg/m2, with a plank to press the seeds into the sand and level with the sand surface, cover a layer of sand, the thickness of the invisible seeds is appropriate.

IV. Colonization

Take out the seedlings with long cotyledons on the seedling bed and transplant them on the seedling bed or in a plastic bag. The row spacing of moving seedlings in soil bed is 15cm × 20cm. Water should be drenched before rising seedlings. The amount of water should be able to rise seedlings smoothly. Take seedlings with a small stick to assist in order to avoid root injury, transplanting with soil to prevent water loss from the roots. Stretch the root system when transplanting, and trim the overlong main root in time. The main root of the seedling is straight, and the fibrous root keeps the original natural state. Both bedding seedlings and bagged seedlings must be watered with fixed roots after transplanting.

V. Field management

Within 15 days after seedling transplantation, the vacancy of dead seedling should be filled in time with seedlings of the same age, so that the seedlings are complete and complete. At the same time, water should be drenched according to the weather and the soil temperature on the seedling bed. Always keep the soil and water moist, and often weed. When the seedlings grow 2-3 pairs of true leaves, apply water and fertilizer for the first time in time, the method is to apply the rotten human feces and urine and clear water at the ratio of 1:5, then drench it with clean water, and then drench once with clean water to promote the cotyledons to absorb water, once every 1-2 months, and sprinkle water after applying urea and compound fertilizer alternately.

VI. Harvesting and storage

The ripening period of coffee fruit usually begins in early November to late February of the following year. We should pick as we ripe. The red color of the coffee fruit means it is ripe and can be harvested in batches. The last batch was picked regardless of red fruit and green fruit.

When selecting sites, it should be noted that coffee trees should grow at high elevations, volcanoes or limestone or granite soil, cloudy or shaded trees at high temperature, large temperature difference between day and night, obvious dry and wet seasons, and fertile soil.