Cultivation techniques of bonsai

With the gradual improvement of people's living standards, more and more people like to plant bonsai at home, such as fruit trees, vegetables and so on.

1. Flowerpot selection

When planting bonsai, the flowerpot is generally suitable for root growth, good drainage and air permeability and low cost. The specific size is suitable for the needs, and the shape is mainly round.

2. Selection of basin soil.

Bonsai plants can generally choose garden soil, sandy loam or rotten leaf soil with vermiculite and perlite, depending on the growth status of the plant.

3. Seedling selection and planting

When planting in pot before sprouting in spring, plants with strong growth and no damage to diseases and insect pests should be selected. Before potting, the roots should be trimmed moderately, the necrotic roots should be removed, the injured lateral roots should be trimmed neatly, and the excessively long lateral roots should be cut short to facilitate the growth of fibrous roots, and excessive pruning should be avoided and the roots should be sprayed with carbendazim after pruning. When planting, fill the gravel in the hole of the flowerpot, not only to ensure air permeability and drainage, but also to prevent the basin soil from overflowing. In case of late spring cold, plastic film can be covered properly to ensure the growth temperature and avoid the occurrence of frost injury.

It is necessary to pour the basin in time every 2-3 years to replace the new nutrient soil, because the nutrients in the basin soil will be leached by bonsai absorption and frequent watering. After the old soil is inverted out of the basin, the old roots on the surface of the soil and the big roots that affect the shape of bonsai should be removed. When potting, avoid the root system damage twice, pay attention to observe the growth status after potting, and adjust in time.

4. Management technology

(1) Fertilizer and water management: due to the limitation of the bonsai basin, the root growth will be limited, and the nutrition in the basin is far from meeting the needs of growth, so special attention should be paid to the management of water and fertilizer. Apply base fertilizer when planting, pay attention to observation, once the symptoms of element deficiency are found, nitrogen fertilizer can be recovered in vegetative growth period, phosphorus and potash fertilizer can be applied in reproductive growth period, in line with the principle of less application for many times, combined with foliar spraying fertilizer to ensure the supply of nutrition.

(2) pruning and shaping: different shapes are shaped according to bonsai, such as natural round head shape, tower shape, double-branch deer horn shape, three-branch cup shape, weeping willow shape, dragon curve shape and so on. In the crown control plastic surgery, we should not only provide ornamental value, but also avoid fruit drop. Generally, the measures of shaping and pruning include core picking, ring cutting, ring peeling, twisting and so on. To avoid excessive opening angle, only growing branches grow crazy, resulting in the loss of nutrients. Through cutting, cutting, retraction and other means to create an ideal shape. In order to increase the aging of bonsai, a grafting knife can be used to carve different lines in the tree. The tree shape can also be fixed by binding. In addition, chemical treatment can also be carried out, such as dwarfing, paclobutrazol and other agents to dwarf the plant and enhance the ornamental value.

(3) Flower and fruit management: during the bonsai growth period, it will blossom and bear fruit, so it is necessary to pollinate at the right time, and artificial pollination can be used to improve the fruit setting rate. For bonsai with a large number of flower buds and fruit, measures of thinning flowers and fruits can also be taken.

(4) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: during the bonsai growth period, all kinds of diseases and insect pests will appear, so it is necessary to take prevention and control measures in advance according to the plant growth situation, and treat the disease and insect pests in time.