Wild grape planting technology

Wild grapes, also known as wild grapes, are born in bushes or on hillsides and are rich in protein, carbohydrates, minerals and a variety of vitamins. Raw food is sour, sweet and delicious, and it is also the raw material for making wine. The wine is dark red in color and unique in flavor. So, what is the wild grape planting technology?

1. Parcel selection

Wild hairy grape is not strict with the soil, but the fields with deep soil layer, good tillage, loose soil and convenient drainage and irrigation are more suitable for growth.

2. Mode of reproduction

Wild hairy grape is mainly propagated by seeds, but it is difficult to take root by hardwood cuttings. Without auxin treatment, none of the hairy grape cuttings took root, and even with NAA treatment, the rooting rate of hairy grape cuttings was very low; the hairy grape cuttings treated with indole butyric acid formed callus quickly, the seedling rate was high, 92.9% branches formed callus, and 42.9% branches grew roots and buds. The application of growth hormone increased the seedling rate of hairy grape hardwood cuttings. with the progress of tissue culture and rapid propagation technology, researchers began to use tissue culture technology to breed hairy grape seedlings, thus solving the problem of hairy grape seedling propagation. The problem of seedling was solved for the construction of raw material base of hairy grape.

3. Scaffolding setting

The length and width of the scaffolding can be determined according to the land area and the actual topography, but the growth space area of wild grape can only be equal to the land area. It takes a lot of work to harvest vines. Another form of erection is the upright fence. That is, at the end of the border, a cement column with a thickness of 10 × 10 cm and a height of more than 2 meters is erected, and several bamboo pillars are added at an interval of 2-3 meters in the middle, and 3-4 iron wires are drawn parallel up and down to form a vertical fence. The vertical hedge has two major advantages: one is that harvesting vines is more convenient, faster and less labor-saving than the plane shed type; the other is that the two-meter high hedge type can increase the growth space area by more than 30% compared with the plane shed type. This plays an important role in increasing the yield per unit area.

4. Pruning in winter and summer

Winter pruning. The fruiting branches of wild grapes are more than 90%, and some strains can be as high as 100%. When pruning in winter, short shoots should be pruned and 3 buds should be left as fruiting mother branches. In order to better carry out small updates and adjust the shelf surface load, the new shoots on the side vines can also be cut into a result group composed of two short shoots, which can be used as double branches. The ear of wild grape is small, so if you want to increase the yield, you should leave more fruiting mother branches when pruning in winter, so as to increase the number of fruit ears per unit area. For example, when "Changbai 9" is pruned in winter, it is more appropriate to leave 35 buds per square meter on the shelf, which can ensure that the number of ears per square meter is not less than 50, and the yield per mu can reach 1000 kg.

Summer pruning. Due to the large amount of buds retained during winter pruning, the leaves and growth of wild grapes are large, and the shelf surface is easy to close, which affects the results. At 5 ∽ 7 days after anthesis, the new shoots were repeatedly coring and all the secondary shoots were cut off except one secondary shoot, which ensured that about 180 leaves were retained on each square meter of shelf surface, which was suitable for the formation of yield and the maturity of branches.

5. Increase the fruit setting rate.

The main way to increase the fruit setting rate: equipped with pollination trees, the planting ratio of complete wild grape and male plants at 5:1 or 3:1, the effect of natural pollination is good. Spraying 0.3% boric acid solution at flowering stage can increase the fruit setting rate by 66.7%.

6. Field management

(1) Fertilizer and water management

Fertilization is usually carried out after harvesting vines, and the first fertilization is applied every year from the end of February to early March, when the temperature begins to rise and new buds begin to grow, which is the best time to apply fertilizer. Fertilizer types can be mixed with farm manure and compound chemical fertilizer, each time the amount of chemical fertilizer is about 15 kg per mu. The second fertilization was carried out from the end of May to the beginning of June. The third fertilization should be applied in August, when there is more rainfall, pay attention to exclude waterlogging in the field. After the weed control is harvested for the last time in December every year, the border surface is hoed to dry the white soil to prevent the roots from being exposed so as to facilitate the growth in the coming year. In summer, weeds grow rapidly. After each harvest of rattan leaves, the mu can be sprayed with 20% grams of 200-300 ml water without a trace. Pay attention to low spray when using, so as to avoid splashing wild grape plants and causing drug damage.

7. Disease and pest control

The resistance is strong, the disease is basically rare, mainly control insect pests, pay attention to the control of aphids and leaf-eating pests, such as beetles, etc., can be sprayed with solid trichlorfon or cypermethrin 1000-1500 times.

Finally, wild grapes should be harvested in time, and the fruit will mature in the first and middle of September in the northeast, with a sugar content of 8% Mel 15% and an acid content of 1.5% Mel 3%. Each branch has an average of 2-3 ears. The cultivated yield is 8-1500 kg per mu.