Key points of Mechanized Potato planting Technology

Mechanized planting has been very mature in agricultural production, and there are many benefits, which not only save effort, but also promote high yield, so that the economic benefits of farmers have been improved. Potato is commonly planted in the open field. with the maturity of mechanized potato planting technology, the yield of potato has been greatly increased. Let's take a look at the key points of mechanized potato planting.

(1) preparation before broadcast

1. Soil condition

Select loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, high organic matter content, loose and fragile, good permeability and medium fertility.

two。 Base fertilizer and deep ploughing

Potato is a high-yielding and fertilizer-loving crop, which is extremely sensitive to fertilizer. For each ton of potato tuber, it is necessary to absorb 5.5kg of nitrogen, 2.2kg of phosphorus and 10.2kg of potassium from the soil, with an absorption ratio of 1 ∶ 0.4 ∶ 2. Potassium is the most important element of fertilizer. Fertilization should be based on farm manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and 3 tons of base fertilizer should be applied every 667 square meters. Fertilizer should be deeply turned into the soil and irrigated in autumn and winter, so as to enhance the soil water storage and soil moisture conservation capacity and create a good soil environment for potato tuber expansion and root growth.

3. Soil preparation standard

The ground is prepared with a combined leveling machine or disc rake, with a depth of 10 cm to 15 cm, the surface is flat, loose and solid, and the area of the leaky rake is 80%, reaching the six-character standard of "flat, even, loose, broken, clean and moisture".

(2) Mechanical sowing

Potato mechanical sowing can complete many operations such as ditching, sowing, fertilization, ridging, soil covering, suppression and so on. This technique has the advantages of uniform planting, uniform row spacing, tight suppression, uniform seedling emergence and so on. Mechanized sowing not only improves the sowing quality and reduces the labor intensity, but also provides conditions for the mechanization of potato ploughing and harvesting.

1. Deep ploughing to preserve soil moisture

Because the soil moisture of potato sowing in spring is mostly formed by the water stored after autumn ploughing last year and the water melted by snow in winter, in view of this characteristic, we should pay attention to deep ploughing in autumn ploughing every year to strengthen the ability of soil to store water and preserve soil moisture. The soil preparation work should be completed at one time in autumn, and only need to be ditched and sown in the spring of the following year, and there is no need to rake the cultivated land. This can reduce the loss of soil moisture, which is beneficial to the early emergence of buds and the growth of seedlings after sowing.

2. Adopt the reexamination assignment.

Because the ditching, sowing and fertilization are completed by machinery in spring, the loss of fertilizer efficiency caused by soil water evaporation and artificial fertilization caused by drought and wind is avoided or reduced, and sufficient water and nutrients are ensured when the seedlings are unearthed.

3. Sowing seeds at the right time

Timely sowing is an important link for potato to achieve high yield, which refers to sowing when the deep soil temperature of 10cm reaches 7 ℃-8 ℃. It is difficult to rely solely on human and animal power during large-scale sowing. Because it is too early or too late, the seed potato can not germinate normally, resulting in serious lack of seedlings and broken ridges, affecting the yield.

4. Sowing depth

Potato cultivation is mostly in two ways: ridge cultivation and peaceful cultivation. Ridge cultivation can increase soil temperature, promote precocious maturity, resist waterlogging, facilitate intertillage and irrigation, and is more conducive to mechanical operation. The sowing depth (including ridge height) of potato under ridge cultivation is generally 12-18cm, the temperature in humid areas does not exceed 12cm, and the areas with higher climate dry bath temperature are about 18cm. In addition, it is suitable for shallow sowing in the areas with mechanized harvesting.

5. Seed treatment

The selection of excellent varieties is a prerequisite for ensuring the quality of potato, reducing diseases and insect pests and high yield. When the buds of seed potatoes grow to 0.5-1cm, cut the buds before sowing. Sterilize the knife with 75% alcohol before cutting. Each time you cut a seed potato, disinfect the knife with alcohol. If there is a yellow circle or black navel after cutting the seed potato, the whole seed potato should be eliminated and cannot be used.

(3) Field management

1. Middle ploughing

Generally work twice, the first time at about 50% of emergence, in order to promote the growth and development of seedlings, the second time when the seedling height is 15cm to 20cm, and each time the soil is 5 cm thick.

two。 Topdressing

Urea 100kg / ha was applied in the first intertillage, and the angle, depth and width of the plough shovel and ploughshare were adjusted so as not to hurt the seedlings.

(4) Mechanical harvesting

1. About 10 days before harvest, first roll or cut seedlings to make the potato skin aging, so as to reduce the loss during harvest. Before mechanical harvest, the plow should be adjusted to shovel into the soil, the shallow soil is easy to hurt the potato pieces, and the harvest is not clean, the deep soil is a waste of labor, and it is easy to lose potatoes.

two。 Commonly used harvester and tractor matching single-row or double-row potato harvester, the working speed is 3000km / h, the digging depth is 20cm, the excavated potato pieces are not buried in the soil, so that they can be picked up manually.