2019-2020 How to plant rape in autumn and winter? Take a look at the technical guidance issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs!

Rape will be planted in autumn and winter in full swing. According to the climate characteristics and production practice this year, the oil expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Village, together with the National Agricultural Technology extension Service Center, studied and put forward the technical guidance for rape planting in autumn and winter in 2019 and 2020.

(1) take measures in accordance with local conditions and select improved varieties in suitable areas. According to the natural conditions and planting system of different regions, under the premise of mechanized production, rape varieties with high yield, high oil and suitable machine harvest were selected according to local conditions. Among them, there is a high incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for many years, and special attention should be paid to the selection of varieties resistant to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease. New varieties with high yield and high oil resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease should be selected in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The mid-maturing rapeseed varieties with high yield, high oil, lodging resistance and disease resistance should be selected for direct seeding rape in rice-oil two-cropping system, and the new early-maturing rapeseed varieties with disease resistance and lodging resistance should be selected for direct seeding rapeseed in central and southern region and Yunnan-Guizhou plateau. Rapeseed varieties with high yield potential, lodging resistance and disease resistance should be selected in dryland rape.

(2) sowing seeds in soil moisture to improve the quality of sowing. The meteorological department predicts that during the autumn sowing period this year, the precipitation in the main rape-producing areas in the Yangtze River Basin may be flat or on the low side, while the rape-producing areas in the central and southern regions and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau may be 50% lower than in previous years, and the temperature may also be higher than in previous years. All localities should seize the favorable opportunity before and after rice harvest soil moisture or precipitation, increase the sowing rate by 20%, sow and cover soil to preserve soil moisture in time. In southwest China, attention should be paid to direct seeding and seedling raising before autumn rain in West China, and timely drainage to reduce the effect of waterlogging. "two plants in one hole" is recommended for transplanting rape to increase the transplanting density of 6000 trees per mu. In order to ensure the quality of sowing and emergence, it is suggested that seed dressing or seed coating can effectively control yellow beetle, aphid and Plutella xylostella at seedling stage. Seed treatment should strictly control the dosage according to the instructions, and should be dried in time after treatment to prevent drug damage from affecting the germination rate.

(3) the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy to promote the whole process of mechanized production. Popularize the application of rape combined seeder, sowing UAV, plant protection UAV, combine harvester and other new equipment to speed up the mechanization of rape production. Vigorously popularize the green, high-quality and efficient production technologies of rape, such as soil moisture management, increasing planting density, slow and controlled release of total nutrition, one-time fertilization, seed coating, simultaneous sowing of seed and fertilizer, and drone flight control, so as to achieve agronomic integration of agricultural machinery and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Reduce production costs and improve rape yield level and efficiency. For the rice and oil tanker production areas, guide the rice harvester to assemble synchronous straw crushing equipment, realize the comprehensive utilization of rice straw, increase soil organic matter, improve the quality of cultivated land, and facilitate rape sowing.

(4) applying fertilizer scientifically to promote the reduction of chemical fertilizer. It is recommended to choose rape special slow-release fertilizer, generally no need to topdressing. The amount of fertilizer application was determined according to the previous soil fertility and yield target level. General rice field rape base application of special slow-release fertilizer 40 per mu 50kg, dry land rape and three-cropping rape per mu base application of 35Mel 40kg. If the traditional method of fertilization is adopted, the average amount of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide and borax is 12 kg, 4 kg, 5 kg and 0.75 kg per mu. Among them, 60% of the total nitrogen and potash fertilizer and all phosphate fertilizer and boron fertilizer are used as base fertilizer, 20% and 30% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used for raising seedlings before winter, and 10% of the 20% nitrogen fertilizer and 40% of the potash fertilizer is used as bolting fertilizer.

(5) to prevent diseases and resist disasters and ensure high and stable yields. The first is to open the "three ditches" well. Do a good job in the "three ditches" of Xiang ditch, waist ditch and perimeter ditch, timely drainage and waterlogging prevention, and low-lying fields and cold-soaked fields should also increase the depth of drainage ditches and eliminate waterlogging stress. The second is to prevent diseases, pests and weeds in autumn and winter. Acetochlor was used to close weeds or rape selective herbicides were used to control weeds at seedling stage; for uncoated and mixed seeds, insecticides were sprayed to control cabbage insects, aphids and beetles in time after emergence. The third is to survive the winter safely. The growth of some early sowing rape may be prosperous before winter, so we should reduce the amount of topdressing and spray growth regulators to control the growth and prevent early bolting and early flowering, and the field of early bolting and early flowering can be combined with "one vegetable and two uses" technology to pick vegetable moss to increase income. The fourth is to strengthen "one promotion and four defenses". In view of the increasing trend of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease year by year, prochloraz or carbendazim can be mixed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water-soluble boron fertilizer, and foliar spraying can be carried out from bolting to early flowering stage.

(6) to expand the use and improve the comprehensive planting efficiency. Actively popularize the multi-functional development and utilization technology of rape, realize "one dish with multiple uses, one kind with more harvest", and improve planting efficiency and farmers' income. First, vigorously develop flowering rape. In the suburbs and areas rich in tourism resources, we will develop sightseeing tourism, leisure agriculture and beekeeping industry by planting different varieties, designing landscape patterns and prolonging the flowering period. The second is to develop green manure rape. The varieties with vigorous vegetative growth and high yield of stems and leaves were selected, 500 grams per mu of direct seeding, and the rape was crushed and turned back to the field at the end of flowering. The third is to promote the "dual use of vegetable oil". Select high-quality, high-yield and early-maturing varieties with easy attack and strong regeneration ability, sow and plant early, pick about 15 cm from the top of the main stem as vegetables to increase the income of vegetable moss. The fourth is to promote fodder rape. The "double low" forage rape varieties with low glucosinolate content, high protein content and high green feeding yield should be selected. According to the feeding methods and processing requirements, mechanical harvesting was carried out from the bud bolting stage to the early stage of pod formation.