Planting techniques of Seedless Litchi

About litchi, I think we usually eat more litchi with a nucleus, or litchi with a small nucleus. For seedless litchi, there are still relatively few. When it comes to litchi, I think everyone will think of "a ride red dust concubine smile, no one knows is litchi", the following and Xiaobian together to understand the seedless litchi.

What is a seedless litchi

Seedless litchi is introduced from Dongguan city forestry science research institute. It has the advantages of early fruiting, high yield, stable yield, better quality and seedless. In order to optimize and adjust the variety structure of litchi in Zhuhai City, provide scientific basis and guarantee for the large-scale popularization of seedless litchi in Zhuhai City, and avoid the loss caused by blind introduction and direct production of fruit growers, the Institute of Fruit Science of Zhuhai City began to carry out "Research on Seedless Introduction and Cultivation of Litchi" in 2000, and achieved good results. On June 14, 2003, an expert review team headed by Professor Lin Shunquan, Director of Institute of Horticulture Biotechnology of South China Agricultural University and doctoral supervisor of College of Horticulture, unanimously passed the acceptance of the project.

The fruit of seedless litchi is crooked heart-shaped, the average weight of single fruit is 30g, the maximum weight of single fruit is 42.3g, the mature fruit peel is bright red, the soluble solid content is 16%, the edible rate is about 80%, the fruit seedless character is stable, the seedless rate is 97%, the flesh is smooth and juicy, and the quality is medium. In Zhuhai seedless litchi early flowering around late March, flowering about 24 days, fruit maturity period from late June to early July, from flowering to fruit maturity, the whole fruiting period is about 75 days. The results showed that seedless litchi had good adaptability under high temperature and humidity in zhuhai, bearing early and high yield, not strict requirement on soil, coarse and fast growth from planting to fruiting, flower stage could resist the influence of rainy weather, fruit was basically not damaged by pedicel moth.

Cultivation Techniques of Seedless Litchi

1. Proper close planting

Dwarfing and dense planting were adopted, with plant spacing of 3.5×4.5 meters and 42 plants planted per mu. The planting hole length, width and height are 1 meter respectively. 3.5 kg cake fertilizer, 40 kg soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 30 kg green manure and 1 kg lime are mixed evenly with topsoil and filled in layers. When planting, the seedling height is about 60 cm, the trunk diameter is about 1 cm, and there are 3-4 main branches. There are no diseases and insect pests, and the annual healthy seedlings with developed roots.

II. Scientific fertilization

1. Soil fertilization The young trees that have not borne fruit shall be lightly applied with organic decomposed fertilizer and water, and the shoots shall be showered 2-3 times per trip to ensure that the shoots are fast, neat and robust. For fruit trees that have been hung, 30kg of organic decomposed manure is generally applied to each tree, which is applied twice. The fertilizer application period is at flowering time and before and after fruit picking. In addition, proper amount of decomposed quick-acting peanut bran cake fertilizer is applied before flowering, fruit development period and autumn shoot growth period. The fertilizer application amount is generally determined according to each period, tree vigor and crown size.

2, foliar topdressing with peanut bran water 1% spray foliar, increase the nutrients required by the plant.

III. Reasonable soil irrigation and drainage

During the fruit development period, in case of dry weather during each shoot emergence period, the installed micro-sprinkler irrigation system shall be used to spray water properly in due time. In the blooming period of female flowers, when the southwest wind with drying heat occurs, clear water shall be sprayed to the blooming female flower ears 1-2 times every morning; in winter, when winter shoots are controlled, the measures of loosening soil and cutting roots shall be adopted to control water; in case of severe drought and rain accumulation during fruit maturity period, timely drainage shall be adopted to prevent fruit cracking.

IV. Scientific tree management

1. Unhung fruit trees should be trimmed and trimmed 1-2 years old trees should be allowed to grow basically. Some trees have too many branches and should be trimmed properly. Branches that are too weak need to be trimmed properly.

2. Tree management of hanging fruit trees

① Timely, moderate pruning, timely shoot. Because the fruit trees are still small, light pruning is mainly used. After 7-10 days of fertilizer application, the diseased branches, weak branches and shaded cross branches are mainly pruned. The new shoots taken out after pruning shall be thinned, and 1-2 strong shoots shall be reserved for each branch, and 2-3 shoots can be put out. Generally, the last shoot shall be put in early October, and the ripening shall be controlled in early December.

(2) Application of ring cutting technique. After the last autumn shoot ripens, ring cutting is carried out on the main branch to control winter shoots, and the winter shoots that have been extracted can be manually removed; in the fruit growth and development period, the spring and summer shoots that have been extracted can be manually removed.

3. Shake flowers after rain. Full bloom rainy windless weather, especially when the temperature is higher, fine that is, artificial shaking flowers, shake off the water droplets on the flower ears, to prevent retting flowers.

④ Appropriate amount of flower thinning, timely stage fruit thinning. Cut short or thin the long and excessive flower ears to keep the flower ear length at about 15 cm; Because seedless litchi is self-pollinated and cross-pollinated, it can set fruit without pollination and adapt to adverse weather conditions. Generally, the fruit setting rate is relatively high. Too many fruits affect the fruit size. In addition, some fruits do not grow flesh after setting, and can be maintained until mature. They become empty fruits and consume tree nutrients in vain. Therefore, when the fruits are in the size of broad beans, we thinning out excessive fruits for the first time and keeping about 10 fruits. When we can determine that some fruits are empty fruits, These fruits are thinned a second time when the shoulders are reddish, finally setting fruit at about 5 fruits per panicle.

V. Integrated pest control

Integrated control methods were adopted to control the pests and diseases below the economic loss level.

1. Agricultural prevention and control combined with pruning, cutting off dead branches, shade branches, disease and insect branches, collecting residual branches, fallen leaves and fruit drops for centralized treatment, clearing gardens in winter to reduce overwintering disease and insect sources; strengthening cultivation management, rational fertilization, enhancing tree vigor and improving plant stress resistance.

2. Physical control. Artificial killing of scarab and litchi stink bug was carried out by using the pseudo-death of scarab and litchi stink bug. Frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamp was used to predict and trap scarab and fruit sucking moth.

3. Biological and biochemical control Protect and utilize natural enemies of various pests in nature to control the number of pests; make timely and appropriate control according to different pests and diseases in shoot stage, flowering stage and fruit stage. 1. Pest control. At tender shoot stage, flower spike stage and fruit stage, 0.3% neem emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, 10% cypermethrin 1500 times and 90% trichlorfon 800 times were sprayed alternately according to specific conditions. As the main pests of litchi fruit stage, pedicel borers basically do not harm seedless litchi fruit, in general, the application times are very few. 2. Disease control. With downy mildew as the main factor, when the soil temperature warms after spring, spray bordeaux mixture or lime under the tree tray for soil disinfection; spray 1-2 times of fungicide according to the disease condition in the flower ear development period; spray 1-2 times of fungicide in the fruit growth and development period. Commonly used agents are Bordeaux mixture (1∶1∶100), 30% copper oxychloride 500 times solution.

VI. Timely harvest

When seedless litchi pericarp bright red, soluble solids more than 16%, at this time the fruit color, shape, quality are excellent, can be harvested; generally in late June to harvest.

VII. Pollution-free cultivation techniques

In the whole production process of seedless litchi, abide by the national green food production operation rules to prevent pollution.

After several years of introduction observation and experimental demonstration, seedless litchi can be fully developed after planting in Zhuhai. We preliminarily believe that seedless litchi can be propagated and popularized in Zhuhai, and good social and economic benefits will be obtained.

Is the seedless litchi genetically modified?

No. Speaking of seedless litchi, it is easy to think of seedless watermelon. Like seedless watermelon, seedless litchi is not genetically modified. It's not that it has no nucleus at all, it's that the nucleus is incomplete and unformed during development, extremely small.

According to Shi Jun, a doctor of botany, under normal circumstances, after litchi pollination, the ovule together with the outer integument begins to develop, resulting in the familiar litchi nucleus. As for the crystal clear litchi meat, it is the aril developed from the seed receptacle. The reason it is called aril is because it develops not from the ovule wall but from the funicle and placenta tissue. So they're not closely related to the seed, they're derived from the mother's cells. Therefore, as long as the seeds do not develop, seedless litchi will also form.

Litchi has been planted for thousands of years in China. The seedless litchi was first wild litchi. The formation reason may be that some litchi branches produced bud mutation or branch mutation due to environmental factors in the long-term cultivation process, which made the litchi seeds unable to develop.

In fact, seedless litchi is just like our seedless watermelon. It is just a variety of litchi. It is a wild litchi. Since many people like to eat seedless things now, the market prospect of seedless litchi is very large, and it is planted by more and more people.