Planting conditions of seedless litchi

In China, litchi is generally grown in a subtropical climate, and there are many kinds of litchi, including large, small and seedless, so growers first understand the types of litchi and the taste of each litchi before planting, and then plant them reasonably according to the market situation.

Planting conditions of seedless litchi

Because litchi is native to the south subtropics of China, the annual average temperature in the main producing areas is 20 ℃ and 30 min, which limits its cultivation and distribution. During the period of growth and development, high temperature and humidity were required, and the optimum growth temperature was 23 ℃, 29 ℃ and 12 min, respectively. In winter, there should be a certain amount of low temperature in order to inhibit vegetative growth and promote flower bud differentiation.

It began to bloom at more than 10 ℃ in spring, and reached its peak at 18 ℃. During flowering and young fruit stage, low temperature, overcast and rain caused a large number of flowers and fruits, and even lost all harvest. 0Mel 2 ℃ can be harmed by low temperature, but adult trees can withstand low temperature of-2.8℃ or even lower when there is no growth activity. Litchi needs sufficient water for its growth, and the annual rainfall is more than 1200mm. The annual rainfall in the main producing areas of South China is 1500m. Litchi Xi Guang, known as "the same day litchi".

According to the climate analysis of our city in the past 20 years, it is generally concluded that January is a high yield year with low temperature (11 ℃ 15 min), more sunny days (12 mi 22 days), long sunshine time (117 h), less rainfall days (less than 5 mi 10), rainfall less than 50mm and relative humidity less than 73%. Avoid typhoons during the peak growth period of litchi and before fruit harvest.

It can adapt to mountain red and yellow loam, flat sandy loam, alluvial soil and even clay, but it is better to have deep soil layer, good drainage and irrigation, more than 2% organic matter, loose soil and acidic (PH5-6) sandy loam which can promote the reproduction of root fungi. The general requirement is that vegetative growth needs sufficient sunshine for a long time, low temperature and dryness during flower bud differentiation, sunny weather during fruit development, and a rain for a few days is the best.

Construction of litchi plantation

1. Choose the garden. For high-yield cultivation of litchi, hills or slopes with open terrain, slope below 30 degrees, loose and fertile soil and water source should be selected as ideal for the development of plantations.

2. do a good job in planning. For the selected garden, it is necessary to conscientiously do a good job in the planning of variety selection, zoning, roads, drainage and irrigation systems, fertilizer bases, shelterbelts and auxiliary buildings, so as to facilitate the standardized management of orchards.

3. Determine the planting density reasonably. In general, the reasonable density is that the row spacing is 3.5 × 3.5 meters or 3.5 × 4 meters and planting 50-60 plants per mu.

4. Dig a big hole and put down enough base fertilizer. For those who reclaim and build orchards on hilly land, they shall be opened into equal height terrace belts or equal height trenches according to the row spacing specifications of planting. However, the planting hole is dug according to the selected plant distance, and the specification of the hole is 1 meter long, wide and deep, and 40 kilograms of garbage manure, green manure, barnyard manure and pig and cow manure under each hole are used as base manure.

5. Careful planting. When planting, take the seedling in one hand, gently return to the fine soil in the other hand, return to the soil to cover it to about 2 cm above the root, drench the root water, then continue to return to the mud, and when the return soil is about 10 cm above the ground, form a tree plate, then cover with thatch or stem Osmunda grass to moisturize, stand up next to the seedling, prevent wind and shake pine seedlings to cause dead seedlings, drench water every 3 days after setting, and pay attention to drainage and waterproofing on rainy days. The survival rate was checked and replanted in time after 30 days.

Flowering characteristics of Litchi

The length of budding period before flowering of litchi is related to many factors, but the air temperature in winter and spring (January-March) has the greatest influence, which is generally 30-40 days, while the length of flowering period is related to variety, climate, early or late flowering, etc., which is only 15 days short and 86 days long. The flowering characteristics of litchi trees are as follows.

The first is the order of flowering. Litchi is a monoecious tree species. Female flowers and male flowers are born on the same spike. Because of the difference in the location and sex of the spikelet, the single flower between the two spikelets usually blooms first, followed by the central flower of each spikelet, and finally the florets on both sides. Most of these first flowers are male flowers.

When will litchi be fertilized?

1. Litchi to promote flower fertilizer: mainly to enhance pre-flowering tree nutrition, promote flower bud differentiation, form a robust flower spike, and improve fruit setting. The fertilization period of promoting flower fertilizer is usually 10-20 days before flower bud differentiation.

2. Litchi strong fruit fertilizer: mainly supplement the consumption of tree nutrients brought by flowering, promote fruit development, promote fruit strength, improve fruit quality, and reduce the second stage of physiological fruit drop. The fertilizer should be applied after flowering to before the physiological drop of fruit in the second stage, that is, early-maturing species around Qingming in mid-April and late-maturing varieties around Lesser Fullness of Grain in late May.

3. Litchi shoot-promoting fertilizer: also known as fruit-picking fertilizer, which mainly replenishes the fruit and the nutrient consumption of the tree after fruit-picking, promotes the tree recovery, sprouts autumn shoots in time, and prepares for the next year's fruit. During this period of fertilization, early-maturing species and strong trees should be applied after fruit harvest, while late-maturing species, weak trees and trees with more fruit should be applied 10-15 days before fruit harvest.

Before planting litchi, we must first understand the growth habits of litchi, so that we can grow good litchi. For example, it is certainly not so easy to grow litchi in the north of our country. In fact, it is to master some techniques of planting litchi. This can greatly improve the planting efficiency.