Cultivation Techniques of Pepper in Open Field

Chili I think everyone is very familiar with, basically every household will put some chili every day cooking. The demand for pepper in our country's market is very large, the price of pepper in the general market is not very expensive, but in some places pepper is sold to more than 100 yuan a catty, so the market prospect and profit of pepper are very considerable.

Cultivation Techniques of Pepper in Open Field

1. Soil preparation and fertilization The soil for planting pepper requires good tilling, convenient irrigation and drainage, flat terrain, and cannot be cultivated in saline-alkali and low-lying land. In open field cultivation, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. 5000 kg ~7500 kg of high-quality farm manure, 75 kg ~100 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate should be applied as base fertilizer 10 days before planting. 2/3 is used for ground spreading, ploughing 20 cm ~25 cm;1/3 of base fertilizer is furrowing and concentrated. Ridging is performed according to the ridge spacing of 80 cm, the ridge height is 15 cm, and the ridge surface is 50 cm wide.

II. Transplanting pepper seedlings should be carried out after 3:00 pm on cloudy days or sunny days. Water should be poured one day before seedling emergence. When seedling emergence, take more perennial soil as much as possible. Pay attention not to hurt seedling roots during transportation and try not to plant wilting seedlings. Pepper planting should not be too deep, with the cotyledon node level as the standard. Generally, 3000 plants are planted per mu, and they can be covered with soil and watered after planting.

3. Field management After pepper planting, the main task is to loosen soil and preserve moisture, promote rooting and promote flowering. After planting 5 days to 7 days, light fertilizer water can be poured once, and the soil will be deeply hoed 7 cm after whitening to improve the ground temperature. Squatting seedlings should be carried out to promote root growth and prevent excessive growth of the ground.

After 20 days, due to the temperature rise, the plant grows rapidly and gives birth to many short branches. At this time, water and fertilizer should be supplemented. Acre dressing urea 15 kg, 20 kg diammonium phosphate, cake fertilizer 50 kg, followed by watering, water to large. In rainy days, the accumulated water should be removed in time, and the soil humidity should be kept uniform. Flowering period should be properly controlled fertilizer, as long as the soil can be kept moist, to prevent plant growth and flower drop fruit. After entering the full fruiting period, the key point of management is to strengthen seedlings and promote fruit. To remove the door pepper in time to prevent fruit fall caused by weak growth. Fertilization is carried out in combination with watering, with 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5 kg of urea applied per mu.

IV. Pest control

1. Disease control Common diseases in pepper field production include pepper blight, root rot, bacterial wilt and virus disease.

1. Agricultural control. Advocate ridge cultivation, select plots with convenient irrigation and drainage, cultivate strong seedlings, reasonably plant closely, and drain water in time after rainstorm.

Disinfection of seeds. Soak seeds in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes.

(3) foliar spraying and root irrigation. After planting, plants and ground were sprayed with 50% Early Frost Copper WP 500 times or 70% DTM WP 500 times. In addition, high temperature season irrigation before the mu sprinkle 96% copper sulfate 3 kg, after irrigation, can effectively control pepper blight. 50% carbendazim WP 600 times solution or 40% polysulfide suspension 600 times solution, irrigating roots every 10 days at the beginning of disease, continuously irrigating 2~3 times, can control pepper root rot. 72% streptomycin WP 30000 times or 77% coccidin WP 500 times, spraying once every 7 days for 3~4 times continuously, can control pepper bacterial wilt. The virus disease can be controlled by spraying 500 times of 20% virus A WP or 1000 times of 1.5% Zhibingling EC once every 10 days for 3~4 times continuously.

2, pest control pepper pests are mainly aphids, tea yellow mites and so on.

1. Control of aphids. Can choose 10% pymetrozine, 50% split aphid mist emulsifiable concentrate 4000 times spray control.

(2) Control of tea yellow mite. 45% sulphosol 300 times solution or 73% parmite EC 1000 times solution, 20% pyridazine phosphorus EC 1000 times solution, 40% dimethoate EC 1000 times solution, etc. can be sprayed once every 10 ~14 days on the back of leaves, tender stems, buds and young fruits.

5. Timely harvest

Capsicum can be harvested several times in succession, generally after 20 to 25 days of flower withering, green fruit can be harvested.

How to choose a pepper variety

Capsicum cultivation is more common in northern and southern China. In recent years, there are one or two hundred conventional varieties and hybrids promoted and used in production. It is very important for producers to choose a suitable variety, which can not only reduce production costs, but also easily seize the market and obtain higher economic returns.

1. The selection of varieties should fully consider the eating habits of consumer groups: different places have different requirements for the fruit type, spicy degree, fruit color and flesh thickness of pepper. For example, Heilongjiang, Changchun, Datong and other places like large-fruit sweet pepper, northerners seem to have this habit, but in recent years slightly spicy pepper is more and more accepted by northerners.

2. To treat the high yield of varieties correctly: the high yield of pepper is directly related to the income of producers. In the era of shortage of agricultural products, producers pay special attention to the high yield of varieties. When the agricultural products are basically satisfied, consumers pay more and more attention to the quality of pepper commodities. Therefore, when producers choose varieties, they must first pay attention to their quality, and then look at their yield performance. That is to say, it is necessary to change pepper production from "yield benefit type" to "quality benefit type" according to the trend.

3. Pay special attention to the disease resistance of varieties: in specialized production and production in protected areas, continuous cropping is inevitable, and the disease of pepper is becoming more and more serious. The selection of varieties with good disease resistance can not only reduce production costs, but also be required for pollution-free production. There are many diseases of pepper, such as blight, virus disease, bacterial wilt, blight, soft rot, scab, sunburn and so on. Up to now, there is no one variety resistant to multiple diseases.

4. Pay attention to the heat resistance and cold resistance of varieties: Practice shows that only two peaks of yield can be achieved in open field cultivation. In the north, early spring and spring pepper harvest, generally from the beginning of the summer festival, the first peak of production before the summer festival. After the White Dew Festival, the second peak of production was formed. However, from the summer festival to the beginning of autumn festival, due to hot and rainy, often cause plant senescence, leaf shedding, flower and fruit drop, the second yield peak is not obvious. Only by selecting varieties with strong heat resistance, such as Zhongjiao No. 4, Zhongjiao No. 9, Qianmen, etc., can we ensure safe summer and achieve the second yield peak.

5. Storage resistance and transportation resistance of fruits: At present, pepper production bases have been established and specialized production has been implemented. Some are transported south in summer and some are transported north in midwinter. All of them put forward relatively high requirements for transportation resistance and storage resistance of varieties. Especially the late autumn pepper cultivated in plastic shed with two films and one cover usually needs to hang seedlings for more than 2 months, so the varieties with special storage resistance must be selected.

The general situation of international pepper market demand

Since the 1990s, with the acceleration of the process of world economic integration, people's social contacts, economic exchanges and cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent, food cultures and eating habits around the world have spread, penetrated and blended with each other in frequent exchanges, and the world's countries have continuously deepened their understanding of chili products and expanded their uses. The international chili market demand has maintained a vigorous growth momentum.

Status of international pepper trade

The data show that in 1988, the total export volume of pepper in the world was 166,600 t, and the total import volume was 152,000 t. In 2002, the total export volume of pepper in the world reached 341,800 t, and the total import volume reached 379,100 t. The annual growth rate was 4.9% and 6.3% respectively. It indicates that the world pepper trade has a tendency of rapid development from the end of 1980s to the beginning of 21st century. From 1991 to 2003, the import volume and import value increased by 5.1% and 6.4% respectively, and the export volume and export value increased by 5.9% and 6.3% respectively. At present, China, India, Spain, Malaysia, Peru, Mexico, Zimbabwe and other countries with large export volume of chili peppers in the world, while the United States and Germany have large import volume.

The market prospect of chili is very good, because its demand is very large, and everyone basically uses chili every day when cooking. Moreover, the planting cost of pepper is very low, and according to research, the demand for pepper in the international market is also relatively large, so don't underestimate this small pepper, it can also create great wealth.