Cultivation experience of planting Onion in Winter

Onion is one of the ideal varieties of winter vegetables because of its cold resistance, wide adaptability, easy to grow, strong insect resistance, storage and transportation resistance, high yield and good economic benefits. Onion is sweet and slightly spicy, and it is one of people's favorite vegetables. According to the experience of farmers in Yangchun City, using winter fallow fields to plant onions, the average yield per mu is 2000,2500kg, the high yield is more than 3000 kg, and the output value per mu is 35004000 yuan. To plant high-yield onions in winter, we should seriously grasp the following technical links.

First, it is better to cultivate strong seedlings from the end of September to the middle of October. The nursery land should choose loose and fertile sandy loam or new land with convenient drainage and irrigation and unplanted onion and garlic. Before sowing, the soil should be carefully prepared, enough fertilizer should be applied, and the seeds should be sown in flat beds. Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in warm water for 24 hours, dry and then mixed with crushed soil and sowed evenly. Sow 70m 75 grams per 0.1 mu of seedbed, cover with fine soil after sowing, then cover with weeds, prevent rain erosion and direct sunlight. After covering the grass, sprinkle dilute dung water, and sprinkle insect control drugs around the bed, and remove the covered weeds after the seedlings are unearthed. During the seedling period, dilute and rotten manure water was drenched every 5 to 6 days, and it could be transplanted in about 40 days at the seedling stage. Second, timely planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer onion to avoid continuous cropping, the planting land should be selected as the traces of eggplant fruits, melons and beans, and late rice, especially in loose and fertile sandy loam or newly reclaimed land. It is generally planted from mid-November to early December, so that the seedlings grow rapidly in front of "Greater Cold" and will not suffer frost damage. Before planting, 25 kg of lime per mu was used for soil disinfection, and 1500 kg of high-quality farm soil fertilizer was used as base fertilizer. From the border planting, the border width is 80 to 100 centimeters, the border height is 25 to 30 centimeters, and the soil layer on the border should be loose, fine and flat. The planting specifications are as follows: plant spacing 10 cm 12 cm, row spacing 14 cm 16 cm, planting depth 2 cm 3 cm, about 8000 plants per mu. After the seed is drenched with root water, it is beneficial to survive. Third, strengthen field management 1 timely topdressing: 7 days after transplanting, apply thin human and animal manure water, and then burn soil or high-quality soil fertilizer every 7-8 days to promote rooting and enhance cold resistance. In the severe cold season, onion seedlings grow slowly, so topdressing can be suspended. In late February of the following year, when the bulb entered the expansion period, fertilizer should be applied twice, urea 10kg / mu and potassium sulfate 5kg / mu. The bulb expanded rapidly in late March, and 1250 kg of rotten human feces and urine were applied per mu, and fertilization was stopped 25 days before harvest. 2 Scientific use of water: onions like to be wet and avoid stains. In the early stage, the seedlings are small, the temperature is low, and the water demand is less, so keep the border soil moist. After the spring is warm, the temperature is getting higher and higher, the growth rate of onion is accelerated, and a large number of bulbs form and enter the expansion period, which requires more water and should be drenched with enough water. However, when there are more Rain Water in spring, it is necessary to timely dredge ditches and drainage to prevent stagnant water in the fields. Stop watering 10 days before harvest to facilitate harvest and avoid bulb storage due to high water content. Timely harvest when the leaves of the plant gradually turn yellow and the basal leaves begin to dry up, the onion has stopped growing and expanding, that is, it should be harvested in time. Cut off the onion seedlings during harvest and try not to damage the onions to facilitate storage and transportation.