The method of managing chili pepper in the middle and later stage

First, soil preparation, application of basic fertilizer: pepper should not be continuous cropping with Solanaceae vegetables. Fields with thick soil layer, high content of organic matter, loose soil and easy drainage should be selected for planting. Pepper has higher requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Base fertilizer, stable fertilizer 3000m / mu, stable fertilizer 3000m / mu, compound fertilizer or phosphorus and potash fertilizer 40kg, using furrow in the border or ploughing before application. Build a 1.5-meter-wide border of 1.4murmuri (even ditches), and buckle the shed to store heat after land preparation to increase the soil temperature in the shed.

Second, planting: early-maturing cultivation in greenhouse is generally in the middle and next month of December of each year, and planted in sunny days after cold air. Each plant has 2 rows, and the distance between plants is 25 Murray and 30 cm. After planting, apply some root fertilizer, flatten the border, cover with plastic film, and build a small arch shed to cover the film for heat preservation, in order to promote the growth of new roots, return seedlings as early as possible, and cover straw bags and other mulch to keep warm at night. Third, field management: 1, heat preservation and cold protection, chili precocious cultivation generally uses the method of greenhouse to lift cold protection, plastic film covered with straw bags and other thermal insulation materials. 2. Ventilation and light transmission management, no ventilation before planting and returning seedlings, in order to maintain higher temperature and humidity and promote early root return. Ventilation should be carried out in time after returning seedlings, and the greenhouse temperature should be 20 ℃ 25 ℃ during the day and 15 min at night. No matter sunny, cloudy or rainy or snowy, remove the shed film in the shed during the day to prevent lack of light. When the night temperature exceeds 15 ℃, it can be ventilated day and night. 3. Fertilizer and water management, enough water should be irrigated after planting. March-April, the temperature is relatively low, generally do not water. From late April of every year to May of every year, watering is appropriate according to soil moisture and plant growth, and dripping and irrigation can be carried out if possible. Early-maturing pepper is mainly based on base fertilizer, less topdressing in the early growth stage, and external topdressing with 0.2% urea and 0.3% compound fertilizer if necessary. After the middle and later stage, the plastic film can be removed for topdressing, and the compound fertilizer is 10 kg per mu for every 2 harvests, using inter-plant hole or strip application to cover the soil in time. It is necessary to strengthen Tongluo after fertilization to prevent the harm of harmful gases such as ammonia. According to soil moisture, topdressing combined with watering, or drip irrigation. In the full fruit period, the amount of fertilizer application should be increased appropriately, and 20 kg compound fertilizer should be applied per mu. 4. flower and fruit protection, the temperature in early spring is low, the pollination and fertilization of pepper is poor, and the drop of flower and fruit is quite serious. If the nitrogen fertilizer is too much, the plant is too long, or the planting is too dense, the light is insufficient, or the greenhouse temperature is too high during the flowering period, in addition to strengthening ventilation and transparency, plant growth hormone can be used to protect flowers and fruits, that is, from February to the middle of April, the flower can be diluted with 20X10--6 's 2 ~ 4 color D, and 30X10--6 's anti-falling anthocyanin should be sprayed at full bloom (no more than 2 times to avoid drug damage). Fourth, pest control 1, disease control, the main diseases of pepper are Botrytis cinerea, virus, bacterial wilt, anthracnose and so on. Botrytis cinerea is mainly harmful to young fruits, stems and leaves, and it is easy to occur in greenhouse cultivation. In case of low temperature and rainy weather, ventilation and light penetration should be strengthened, humidity in the greenhouse should be reduced, and diseased leaves and fruits should be removed in time. Yixunling No. 2 fumigant can be used in the initial stage of the disease, each 6m x 30m standard greenhouse with 1 pack (4 blocks, a total of 100g), smoked once every week, a total of 2m / m for 3 times. It can also be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil temperature powder 800x liquid or 50% Shu Keling wettable powder 1500 times liquid spray. The prevention and control of virus diseases should start with agricultural control, carry out crop rotation, strengthen fertilizer and water management, control aphids in time, and reduce human infection. To control bacterial wilt, quicklime can be applied to neutralize soil acidity, pull out diseased plants in time, and spread quicklime in and around the planting hole. Anthracnose can be controlled with 1000-fold solution of 75% methyl topiramate or 75% chlorothalonil. In addition, too wet or too dry soil and insufficient phosphate fertilizer can also cause physiological diseases such as falling flowers, fruits and leaves, so fertilizer and water management should be strengthened. 2. pest control, the common pests of pepper are aphids, red spiders, tea yellow mites, thrips and so on. Aphids can be controlled with 3000 times at a time or 2000 times at 50% to avoid aphid fog. When the damage of red spider and tea yellow mite is serious, the leaf shrinks and the fruit quality decreases, which can be sprayed with 73% propargite 2000 times or 20% acarone 3000 times. Mite light has a good control effect on red spider, tea yellow mite and thrips. In addition, weeds and fallen branches and leaves in the field should be removed in time to reduce the source of insects.