How to grow organic black wolfberry

Organic black wolfberry, also known as organic black fruit wolfberry, belongs to thorn-like shrubs, originating in the periphery of Chaidamu Basin, Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai Province, mainly distributed on the Gobi Desert of Xiangri de, Nomuhong, Delinha, Golmud and other areas in Dulan County, where latitude is 35 °~ 38 °N, elevation 2600 °3300 m, annual rainfall 3080 mm, average annual temperature 4.6 ℃, cold winter, high temperature in summer, strong light. The temperature difference between day and night is large, and the natural habitat conditions are generally harsh. The unique environment has brought up the living characteristics of organic black wolfberry, such as sunny, cold, drought, alkali, barren and extremely high nutritional value. the weak alkaline sandy loam soil with fertile, high dry and good drainage is the best, and the natural life is 40-60 years. Up to now, there are still a large number of primary organic black wolfberry forests in Haixi region, which are precious resources of wild health products. According to the investigation, the annual income of red wolfberry per mu is between 3000 and 8000 yuan per mu according to different regions, and the benefit of black wolfberry is expected to be more than 10 times higher than that of red wolfberry. According to the analysis and comparison of researchers in recent years, organic black wolfberry in high yield period can produce between 1.5kg and 3.5kg of fresh fruit per plant and about 0.3kg to 0.8kg of dried fruit. The fresh fruit yield of organic black wolfberry per mu (calculated by the reasonable density of 550plants per mu) is between 800kg and 1100 kg, the dry fruit yield is about 200kg, and the annual net income per mu is more than 50000 yuan.

According to the public data at home and abroad, organic black wolfberry contains anthocyanins and a large number of beneficial trace elements, which can prevent and treat hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, cerebral thrombosis and other diseases, and can prevent cancer and prolong life. The value of health care is extremely high, with the laudatory name of "soft gold". In order to effectively develop and utilize this rare resource, researchers in Qinghai, Gansu and other provinces began the artificial domestication, purification and promotion of wild black wolfberry around 2002. Now, except for Qinghai, a small amount of artificial cultivation of black wolfberry in Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other provinces is the result of the research and promotion of Qinghai black wolfberry in recent years. Due to the unique living characteristics of black Chinese wolfberry, the quality of seeds and seedlings of black Chinese wolfberry can not be guaranteed except for its origin in Qinghai. On April 16, 2011, Xinhua News Agency released news that: black Lycium barbarum extract is widely used in improving immunity, treating cardiovascular diseases, reducing blood lipids, anti-arteriosclerosis and anti-tumor drugs. In recent years, many authoritative media such as CCTV have reported the development and promotion of black wolfberry for many times, and some of the characteristic products with black Chinese wolfberry as the key raw material have shown good market prospects. At present, there is an upsurge of research and development and promotion of Chinese wolfberry products in China, and the consumer market of dried fruits is taking shape, with a market price of 1000-5000 yuan per kilogram. It can be said that the market prospect of organic black Chinese wolfberry is broad, and it will take decades of efforts to form a planting scale and sales market like red Chinese wolfberry in the country, and the cultivation and promotion of organic black Chinese wolfberry will be promising in the next few years. 1. Seed harvesting and storage: the mature harvest period of organic black wolfberry in Qinghai is from August to September, when the fruit turns dark purple and the grains are full, it can be picked. If it is not picked in time, the fruit will not fall off by itself and will naturally dry in the branches. The berries should be cool and dry in time after picking and stored in a cool place. The fruit after September is not suitable for seed collection because the growth period is not enough and the seeds are not long. When collecting seeds, put the berries in clean water. After soaking, break the berries with a beater, wash and remove the pulp adhered to the seeds, remove impurities and filter out the seeds. Cool and dry them and store them in a breathable textile bag. The seed particles of organic black wolfberry are relatively small, with a thousand seeds weighing about 0.9g and about 1.1 million seeds per kilogram. It is best to sow seeds in the same year, the seed germination rate in the same year is between 80-95%, and the seed germination rate of more than two years is significantly lower, so we should pay attention to planting. 2. Raising seedlings: there are three ways of raising seedlings: seed raising, cutting and root tillering. Seedling raising can be carried out in spring and autumn, and the nursery land should be selected in the sandy loam with flat terrain, good drainage, irrigation conditions, convenient transportation and deep soil layer. Remove sundries and grass roots in the nursery, apply rotten farm manure at the amount of 2000 kg per mu, the best sheep manure, and apply 20-30 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, turn deeply and rake the ground in time after fertilization. The nursery bed chooses a low bed with a width of 1.2 meters and a height of 15 centimeters. A 40-centimeter-wide work path is set aside between the two beds for walking management. The seedling bed was irrigated with water before sowing, and the seeds could be sown 2-3 days after irrigation. Before sowing, disinfect the seeds with potassium permanganate water, then spread the seeds evenly on the bed according to the dosage of 0,8ml / mu and 5kg / mu, and cover them with 1m / m 1,5cm fine sand. Spray water on the sand surface every two days or so until the seedlings emerge. In addition, it can also be in the form of strip broadcast and hole sowing. You can also use containers to raise seedlings in the greenhouse, wait for the seedlings to be about 20 cm high, and then move out of the greenhouse and plant in the field. Cutting can also be carried out before germination in spring and in autumn. Select one-year-old long branches or sturdy shoots with full buds on an excellent single plant, cut them into 18mur20cm long cuttings, and insert them obliquely into the whole border to press tightly and firmly. Pay attention to frequent watering to keep the soil moist, and the general survival rate is about 85%. In addition, the organic black wolfberry fruit has developed root system and strong root shade ability. many new seedlings can be produced in the shade around the main root by truncating the main root, and the new seedlings can be cultivated after tillering. 3. Cultivation density: through our research, it is recommended that the reasonable cultivation density of organic black wolfberry is 440-700 plants per mu. It can be cultivated reasonably according to row spacing of 1.5 (or 1.2) meters and plant spacing of 1 (or 0.8) meters, which does not affect the growth and fruit picking of organic black wolfberry, and does not waste land resources. 4. Field management: weeding should be combined with weeding all year round, loosen the soil in time, water appropriately according to the land conditions, apply sufficient base fertilizer in March every year, and carry out scientific topdressing at the end of June and August. Nitrogen fertilizer was the main fertilizer in the early stage, and phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were applied in the later stage. 5, plastic surgery, pruning: organic black wolfberry fruit in three years, five years into the full fruit period, its shaping must be completed in the first three years of planting. In the year of planting, all the branches were truncated at a height of about 30m / 40cm, leaving 5 well-developed main branches, which is the first layer, and then leaving a layer of about 30m / 40cm, with 3-5 main branches on each layer, and finally trimming the whole tree into an umbrella shape of three to four layers, on this basis, it is properly trimmed and shaped every year. After such pruning and shaping, each organic black wolfberry can have dozens of fruiting backbone branches, which can relatively maintain the yield. Pruning is very important to increase yield and cultivate big fruit balls of Chinese wolfberry. 6. Harvest and processing: the harvest of organic black wolfberry should be between Grain in Beard and the Autumn Equinox. Pick ripe fruit in time, dry or dry in the shade, should not be exposed to the sun, so as not to be too dry, and be careful not to rub it with your hands, so as not to affect the quality. Warm fire can be used to dry when it is rainy in summer.